Hey everyone, things are a little different now than they were a couple weeks ago when we recorded this one. COVID-19 is impacting us all, and we just want to say that we hope you and yours are well. Thank you for choosing to spend your time with us every week. We will keep trying to do our part to make you smile and teach you stuff along the way.    We love you guys! Take care of yourselves.   Space… it’s big, it’s confusing, and there isn’t any gravity! That’s why we have a dedicated team of people up in the International Space Station running all kinds of experiments to try and figure out just what the heck is even going on up there.    You truly have no idea how much of us ordering Popeye’s I had to cut out of this. This was definitely our longest recording session ever and I was livid!   Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!    While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen   If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:   [Truth or Fail] <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/9-12/features/spacescents_feature.html">https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/9-12/features/spacescents_feature.html</a> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=187">https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=187</a> <a href="https://phys.org/news/2011-03-chicken-fat-biofuel-eco-friendly-jet.html">https://phys.org/news/2011-03-chicken-fat-biofuel-eco-friendly-jet.html</a> <a href="https://spinoff.nasa.gov/spinoff2002/ch_1.html">https://spinoff.nasa.gov/spinoff2002/ch_1.html</a>   [Fact Off]   Wake Shield Facility <a href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19920014405">https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19920014405</a> <a href="https://er.jsc.nasa.gov/seh/pg46s95.html">https://er.jsc.nasa.gov/seh/pg46s95.html</a> <a href="https://uwaterloo.ca/molecular-beam-epitaxy/about/what-epitaxy">https://uwaterloo.ca/molecular-beam-epitaxy/about/what-epitaxy</a> <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2002/03jan_bioniceyes">https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2002/03jan_bioniceyes</a> <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0042207X01003839">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0042207X01003839</a> <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S009457650000148X">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S009457650000148X</a> Image: <a href="https://archive.org/details/STS069-724-095">https://archive.org/details/STS069-724-095</a>   Mouse sperm experiment <a href="https://www.pnas.org/content/114/23/5988">https://www.pnas.org/content/114/23/5988</a> <a href="http://iss.jaxa.jp/en/kiboexp/theme/second/pmlatter/spacepup/">http://iss.jaxa.jp/en/kiboexp/theme/second/pmlatter/spacepup/</a>     [Ask the Science Couch]   Human pregnancy <a href="https://emergency.cdc.gov/radiation/pdf/prenatal.pdf">https://emergency.cdc.gov/radiation/pdf/prenatal.pdf</a> <a href="https://www.livescience.com/33047-space-sex-pregnancy.html">https://www.livescience.com/33047-space-sex-pregnancy.html</a> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/can-women-get-pregnant-in-space-3072590">https://www.thoughtco.com/can-women-get-pregnant-in-space-3072590</a>   NASA sperm study <a href="https://futurism.com/sperm-space-nasa">https://futurism.com/sperm-space-nasa</a>   Space childbirth startup <a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2019/01/space-childbirth-babies/579064/">https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2019/01/space-childbirth-babies/579064/</a>   Other animal development <a href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/article/what-space-jellyfish-tell-us-about-interplanetary-travel/">https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/article/what-space-jellyfish-tell-us-about-interplanetary-travel/</a> <a href="https://www.popsci.com/article/technology/space-born-jellyfish-hate-life-earth/">https://www.popsci.com/article/technology/space-born-jellyfish-hate-life-earth/</a> <a href="https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/wnjkkw/making-babies-in-space-may-be-a-terrible-idea">https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/wnjkkw/making-babies-in-space-may-be-a-terrible-idea</a> [Butt One More Thing]   Flatworms in space <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/reg2.79">https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/reg2.79</a>

Hey everyone, things are a little different now than they were a couple weeks ago when we recorded this one. COVID-19 is impacting us all, and we just want to say that we hope you and yours are well. Thank you for choosing to spend your time with us every week. We will keep trying to do our part to make you smile and teach you stuff along the way.    We love you guys! Take care of yourselves.   Space… it’s big, it’s confusing, and there isn’t any gravity! That’s why we have a dedicated team of people up in the International Space Station running all kinds of experiments to try and figure out just what the heck is even going on up there.    You truly have no idea how much of us ordering Popeye’s I had to cut out of this. This was definitely our longest recording session ever and I was livid!   Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!    While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen   If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:   [Truth or Fail] https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/9-12/features/spacescents_feature.html https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=187 https://phys.org/news/2011-03-chicken-fat-biofuel-eco-friendly-jet.html https://spinoff.nasa.gov/spinoff2002/ch_1.html   [Fact Off]   Wake Shield Facility https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19920014405 https://er.jsc.nasa.gov/seh/pg46s95.html https://uwaterloo.ca/molecular-beam-epitaxy/about/what-epitaxy https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2002/03jan_bioniceyes https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0042207X01003839 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S009457650000148X Image: https://archive.org/details/STS069-724-095   Mouse sperm experiment https://www.pnas.org/content/114/23/5988 http://iss.jaxa.jp/en/kiboexp/theme/second/pmlatter/spacepup/     [Ask the Science Couch]   Human pregnancy https://emergency.cdc.gov/radiation/pdf/prenatal.pdf https://www.livescience.com/33047-space-sex-pregnancy.html https://www.thoughtco.com/can-women-get-pregnant-in-space-3072590   NASA sperm study https://futurism.com/sperm-space-nasa   Space childbirth startup https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2019/01/space-childbirth-babies/579064/   Other animal development https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/article/what-space-jellyfish-tell-us-about-interplanetary-travel/ https://www.popsci.com/article/technology/space-born-jellyfish-hate-life-earth/ https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/wnjkkw/making-babies-in-space-may-be-a-terrible-idea [Butt One More Thing]   Flatworms in space https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/reg2.79  

SciShow Tangents

71 - Experiments in Space

SciShow Tangents editorial assistant/genius Deboki Chakravarti joins us once more to talk about that sweet sand we all love so much: sugar!   Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!    While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Deboki: @okidoki_boki   If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:   [Truth or Fail]   [Definition] <a href="https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/09/13/493739074/50-years-ago-sugar-industry-quietly-paid-scientists-to-point-blame-at-fat">https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/09/13/493739074/50-years-ago-sugar-industry-quietly-paid-scientists-to-point-blame-at-fat</a> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/2548255">https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/2548255</a>  <a href="https://slate.com/technology/2018/03/big-sugar-isnt-to-blame-for-steering-us-away-from-fat.html">https://slate.com/technology/2018/03/big-sugar-isnt-to-blame-for-steering-us-away-from-fat.html</a>    [Truth or Fail] <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5434031/">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5434031/</a> <a href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/terms/nicotine.htm">https://www.sciencedaily.com/terms/nicotine.htm</a> <a href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2019/01/flowers-can-hear-bees-and-make-their-nectar-sweeter/?utm_source=reddit.com#close">https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2019/01/flowers-can-hear-bees-and-make-their-nectar-sweeter/</a> <a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2016-05/ncsu-njd051816.php">https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2016-05/ncsu-njd051816.php</a> <a href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2019/01/flowers-can-hear-bees-and-make-their-nectar-sweeter/?utm_source=reddit.com">https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2019/01/flowers-can-hear-bees-and-make-their-nectar-sweeter</a>/ [Fact Off]   Honeypot ants <a href="https://www.nationalgeographic.org/media/honey-ant-adaptations-wbt/">https://www.nationalgeographic.org/media/honey-ant-adaptations-wbt/</a> <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/025405a0">https://www.nature.com/articles/025405a0</a> <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E_6-pGOLUgcC&amp;pg=PA25#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">https://books.google.com/books?id=E_6-pGOLUgcC&amp;pg=PA25#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false</a> <a href="https://abt.ucpress.edu/content/48/6/335">https://abt.ucpress.edu/content/48/6/335</a> Picture: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:HoneyAnt.jpg">https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:HoneyAnt.jpg</a> Picture: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honeypot_ant#/media/File:Honey_Ants_(7344580116).jpg">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honeypot_ant#/media/File:Honey_Ants_(7344580116).jpg</a>   Sugar dust explosion <a href="https://www.csb.gov/imperial-sugar-company-dust-explosion-and-fire/">https://www.csb.gov/imperial-sugar-company-dust-explosion-and-fire/</a> <a href="https://www.ajc.com/blog/investigations/decade-after-deadly-imperial-sugar-explosion-still-new-worker-safety-standards/qpKHscUPUZ77EKEtclCCMN/">https://www.ajc.com/blog/investigations/decade-after-deadly-imperial-sugar-explosion-still-new-worker-safety-standards/qpKHscUPUZ77EKEtclCCMN/</a> <a href="https://sma.nasa.gov/docs/default-source/safety-messages/safetymessage-2011-02-07-imperialsugarcompanydustexplosion-vits.pdf?sfvrsn=7eae1ef8_4">https://sma.nasa.gov/docs/default-source/safety-messages/safetymessage-2011-02-07-imperialsugarcompanydustexplosion-vits.pdf?sfvrsn=7eae1ef8_4</a>   [Ask the Science Couch]   Hyperactivity <a href="https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/88/5/960.long?sso=1&amp;sso_redirect_count=1&amp;nfstatus=401&amp;nftoken=00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000&amp;nfstatusdescription=ERROR%3a+No+local+token">https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/88/5/960.long?sso=1&amp;sso_redirect_count=1&amp;nfstatus=401&amp;nftoken=00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000&amp;nfstatusdescription=ERROR%3a+No+local+token</a> <a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/002221948301600604">https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/002221948301600604</a> <a href="https://www.webmd.com/add-adhd/childhood-adhd/what-is-the-feingold-diet#1">https://www.webmd.com/add-adhd/childhood-adhd/what-is-the-feingold-diet#1</a> <a href="https://www.livescience.com/55754-does-sugar-make-kids-hyper.html">https://www.livescience.com/55754-does-sugar-make-kids-hyper.html</a>   Addiction <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2235907/">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2235907/</a> <a href="https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/52/14/910">https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/52/14/910</a> <a href="https://news.psu.edu/story/141336/2006/01/16/research/probing-question-sugar-addictive">https://news.psu.edu/story/141336/2006/01/16/research/probing-question-sugar-addictive</a> <a href="https://www.huffpost.com/entry/sugar-addiction-drug_n_4173632">https://www.huffpost.com/entry/sugar-addiction-drug_n_4173632</a>

SciShow Tangents editorial assistant/genius Deboki Chakravarti joins us once more to talk about that sweet sand we all love so much: sugar!   Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!    While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Deboki: @okidoki_boki   If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:   [Truth or Fail]   [Definition] https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/09/13/493739074/50-years-ago-sugar-industry-quietly-paid-scientists-to-point-blame-at-fat https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/2548255  https://slate.com/technology/2018/03/big-sugar-isnt-to-blame-for-steering-us-away-from-fat.html    [Truth or Fail] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5434031/ https://www.sciencedaily.com/terms/nicotine.htm https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2019/01/flowers-can-hear-bees-and-make-their-nectar-sweeter/ https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2016-05/ncsu-njd051816.php https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2019/01/flowers-can-hear-bees-and-make-their-nectar-sweeter/ [Fact Off]   Honeypot ants https://www.nationalgeographic.org/media/honey-ant-adaptations-wbt/ https://www.nature.com/articles/025405a0 https://books.google.com/books?id=E_6-pGOLUgcC&amp;pg=PA25#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false https://abt.ucpress.edu/content/48/6/335 Picture: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:HoneyAnt.jpg Picture: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honeypot_ant#/media/File:Honey_Ants_(7344580116).jpg   Sugar dust explosion https://www.csb.gov/imperial-sugar-company-dust-explosion-and-fire/ https://www.ajc.com/blog/investigations/decade-after-deadly-imperial-sugar-explosion-still-new-worker-safety-standards/qpKHscUPUZ77EKEtclCCMN/ https://sma.nasa.gov/docs/default-source/safety-messages/safetymessage-2011-02-07-imperialsugarcompanydustexplosion-vits.pdf?sfvrsn=7eae1ef8_4   [Ask the Science Couch]   Hyperactivity https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/88/5/960.long?sso=1&amp;sso_redirect_count=1&amp;nfstatus=401&amp;nftoken=00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000&amp;nfstatusdescription=ERROR%3a+No+local+token https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/002221948301600604 https://www.webmd.com/add-adhd/childhood-adhd/what-is-the-feingold-diet#1 https://www.livescience.com/55754-does-sugar-make-kids-hyper.html   Addiction https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2235907/ https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/52/14/910 https://news.psu.edu/story/141336/2006/01/16/research/probing-question-sugar-addictive https://www.huffpost.com/entry/sugar-addiction-drug_n_4173632 

70 - Sugar

Viruses are the subject of confusion &amp; misinformation. Luckily, we have a friend who knows a lot about them! We sit down with microbiology genius Deboki Chakravarti to talk viruses.  Be sure to check out more of Deboki’s work on<a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCBbnbBWJtwsf0jLGUwX5Q3g"> Journey to the Microcosmos,</a> and the upcoming <a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/crashcourse">Crash Course Organic Chemistry! </a>   Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!    While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen   If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:   [Truth or Fail]   Tulips <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/11/science/broken-tulips.html">https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/11/science/broken-tulips.html</a> <a href="https://amsterdamtulipmuseumonline.com/blogs/tulip-facts/broken-tulips-the-beautiful-curse">https://amsterdamtulipmuseumonline.com/blogs/tulip-facts/broken-tulips-the-beautiful-curse</a>   Coffins <a href="https://blogs.weta.org/boundarystones/2016/12/21/then-there-were-no-coffins">https://blogs.weta.org/boundarystones/2016/12/21/then-there-were-no-coffins</a><a href="https://www.acf.org/the-american-chestnut/">https://www.acf.org/the-american-chestnut/</a> [Fact Off]   Multicomponent Viruses <a href="https://www.cell.com/cell-host-microbe/fulltext/S1931-3128(16)30310-9">https://www.cell.com/cell-host-microbe/fulltext/S1931-3128(16)30310-9</a> <a href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/08/160825141714.htm">https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/08/160825141714.htm</a>   Polydnaviruses <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4424053/">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4424053/</a> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3758193/">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3758193/</a> <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123846846000264">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123846846000264</a> <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123848581000096">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123848581000096</a> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4553618/">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4553618/</a>   [Butt One More Thing]   Caribou poop frozen virus <a href="https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2014/10/virus-resurrected-700-year-old-caribou-dung">https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2014/10/virus-resurrected-700-year-old-caribou-dung</a> <a href="https://www.pnas.org/content/111/47/16842">https://www.pnas.org/content/111/47/16842</a>

Viruses are the subject of confusion &amp; misinformation. Luckily, we have a friend who knows a lot about them! We sit down with microbiology genius Deboki Chakravarti to talk viruses.  Be sure to check out more of Deboki’s work on Journey to the Microcosmos, and the upcoming Crash Course Organic Chemistry!    Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!    While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen   If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:   [Truth or Fail]   Tulips https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/11/science/broken-tulips.html https://amsterdamtulipmuseumonline.com/blogs/tulip-facts/broken-tulips-the-beautiful-curse   Coffins https://blogs.weta.org/boundarystones/2016/12/21/then-there-were-no-coffinshttps://www.acf.org/the-american-chestnut/ [Fact Off]   Multicomponent Viruses https://www.cell.com/cell-host-microbe/fulltext/S1931-3128(16)30310-9 https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/08/160825141714.htm   Polydnaviruses https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4424053/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3758193/ https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123846846000264 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123848581000096 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4553618/   [Butt One More Thing]   Caribou poop frozen virus https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2014/10/virus-resurrected-700-year-old-caribou-dung https://www.pnas.org/content/111/47/16842 

69 - Viruses

Oceans: they cover 70% of the planet, but what do we really know about them? Like what’s with all the salt, huh? And just what is the difference between a ‘sea’ and an ocean anyway?! I have questions!   This one has a real doozy of a Stefan poem. I cut out a lot of us interrupting him with raucous laughter!     Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!    While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen   If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:   [Truth or Fail]   Boat cloak <a href="https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20227101-500-explorers-dont-forget-your-inflatable-cloak/?ignored=irrelevant">https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20227101-500-explorers-dont-forget-your-inflatable-cloak/?ignored=irrelevant</a> <a href="https://www.rmg.co.uk/discover/behind-the-scenes/blog/boat-cloak-or-cloak-boat">https://www.rmg.co.uk/discover/behind-the-scenes/blog/boat-cloak-or-cloak-boat</a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120425161825/http://resource.canadashistory.ca/media/pdf/34-4-Spr-955-p46-51.pdf">https://web.archive.org/web/20120425161825/http://resource.canadashistory.ca/media/pdf/34-4-Spr-955-p46-51.pdf</a> <a href="https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/NENZC18511220.2.5">https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/NENZC18511220.2.5</a> Image: <a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Halkett_Boat_Cloak.jpg">https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Halkett_Boat_Cloak.jpg</a>   Water chair <a href="https://archive.org/details/watercurejournal12newy/page/1/mode/2up">https://archive.org/details/watercurejournal12newy/page/1/mode/2up</a> Images: <a href="https://paleofuture.gizmodo.com/this-ridiculous-victorian-era-rocking-bath-wasnt-just-f-1515091109">https://paleofuture.gizmodo.com/this-ridiculous-victorian-era-rocking-bath-wasnt-just-f-1515091109</a>   Modesty barrel <a href="https://www.messynessychic.com/2014/04/15/victorian-prudes-beachside-bathing-machines/">https://www.messynessychic.com/2014/04/15/victorian-prudes-beachside-bathing-machines/</a> <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/figure/1715-Lethbridges-diving-barrel-John-Lethbridge-1678-1759-of-Newton-Abbot-Devon_fig2_228397874">https://www.researchgate.net/figure/1715-Lethbridges-diving-barrel-John-Lethbridge-1678-1759-of-Newton-Abbot-Devon_fig2_228397874</a> <a href="https://io9.gizmodo.com/the-strange-and-wonderful-history-of-diving-suits-from-1262529336">https://io9.gizmodo.com/the-strange-and-wonderful-history-of-diving-suits-from-1262529336</a> <a href="https://devonassoc.org.uk/devoninfo/john-lethbridge-and-his-diving-machine-1880/">https://devonassoc.org.uk/devoninfo/john-lethbridge-and-his-diving-machine-1880/</a> Image: <a href="https://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/c_fit,f_auto,fl_progressive,q_80,w_470/18zb0i2fswtkxjpg.jpg">https://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/c_fit,f_auto,fl_progressive,q_80,w_470/18zb0i2fswtkxjpg.jpg</a>   [Fact Off]   Pumice rafts <a href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/dont-believe-the-hype-the-pumice-raft-wont-save-the-great-barrier-reef/">https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/dont-believe-the-hype-the-pumice-raft-wont-save-the-great-barrier-reef/</a> <a href="https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/145490/a-raft-of-rock">https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/145490/a-raft-of-rock</a> <a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2017-05/dbnl-hxh052317.php">https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2017-05/dbnl-hxh052317.php</a> <a href="https://www.npr.org/2019/08/25/754190347/giant-pumice-raft-floating-towards-australia-could-help-replenish-great-barrier-">https://www.npr.org/2019/08/25/754190347/giant-pumice-raft-floating-towards-australia-could-help-replenish-great-barrier-</a>   Albatross tracking system <a href="https://www.birdlife.org/worldwide/news/world%E2%80%99s-biggest-seabird-tracking-database-shows-their-incredible-journeys">https://www.birdlife.org/worldwide/news/world%E2%80%99s-biggest-seabird-tracking-database-shows-their-incredible-journeys</a> <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/27/science/albatross-ocean-radar.html">https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/27/science/albatross-ocean-radar.html</a> <a href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/albatrosses-outfitted-with-gps-detect-illegal-fishing-vessels-180974054/">https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/albatrosses-outfitted-with-gps-detect-illegal-fishing-vessels-180974054/</a>   [Ask the Science Couch]   Salty ocean <a href="https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/whysalty.html">https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/whysalty.html</a> <a href="https://www.usgs.gov/special-topic/water-science-school/science/why-ocean-salty?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects">https://www.usgs.gov/special-topic/water-science-school/science/why-ocean-salty?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects</a> [Butt One More Thing]   Transient anus <a href="https://www.sciencealert.com/this-animal-s-butt-appears-when-needed-and-it-could-help-us-understand-how-ours-evolved">https://www.sciencealert.com/this-animal-s-butt-appears-when-needed-and-it-could-help-us-understand-how-ours-evolved</a> <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ivb.12236">https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ivb.12236</a>

Oceans: they cover 70% of the planet, but what do we really know about them? Like what’s with all the salt, huh? And just what is the difference between a ‘sea’ and an ocean anyway?! I have questions!   This one has a real doozy of a Stefan poem. I cut out a lot of us interrupting him with raucous laughter!     Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!    While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen   If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:   [Truth or Fail]   Boat cloak https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20227101-500-explorers-dont-forget-your-inflatable-cloak/?ignored=irrelevant https://www.rmg.co.uk/discover/behind-the-scenes/blog/boat-cloak-or-cloak-boat https://web.archive.org/web/20120425161825/http://resource.canadashistory.ca/media/pdf/34-4-Spr-955-p46-51.pdf https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/NENZC18511220.2.5 Image: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Halkett_Boat_Cloak.jpg   Water chair https://archive.org/details/watercurejournal12newy/page/1/mode/2up Images: https://paleofuture.gizmodo.com/this-ridiculous-victorian-era-rocking-bath-wasnt-just-f-1515091109   Modesty barrel https://www.messynessychic.com/2014/04/15/victorian-prudes-beachside-bathing-machines/ https://www.researchgate.net/figure/1715-Lethbridges-diving-barrel-John-Lethbridge-1678-1759-of-Newton-Abbot-Devon_fig2_228397874 https://io9.gizmodo.com/the-strange-and-wonderful-history-of-diving-suits-from-1262529336 https://devonassoc.org.uk/devoninfo/john-lethbridge-and-his-diving-machine-1880/ Image: https://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/c_fit,f_auto,fl_progressive,q_80,w_470/18zb0i2fswtkxjpg.jpg   [Fact Off]   Pumice rafts https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/dont-believe-the-hype-the-pumice-raft-wont-save-the-great-barrier-reef/ https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/145490/a-raft-of-rock https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2017-05/dbnl-hxh052317.php https://www.npr.org/2019/08/25/754190347/giant-pumice-raft-floating-towards-australia-could-help-replenish-great-barrier-   Albatross tracking system https://www.birdlife.org/worldwide/news/world%E2%80%99s-biggest-seabird-tracking-database-shows-their-incredible-journeys https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/27/science/albatross-ocean-radar.html https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/albatrosses-outfitted-with-gps-detect-illegal-fishing-vessels-180974054/   [Ask the Science Couch]   Salty ocean https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/whysalty.html https://www.usgs.gov/special-topic/water-science-school/science/why-ocean-salty?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects [Butt One More Thing]   Transient anus https://www.sciencealert.com/this-animal-s-butt-appears-when-needed-and-it-could-help-us-understand-how-ours-evolved https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ivb.12236 

68 - Oceans

Things get a little weird this episode, and by ‘little’ I mean very little! One thing I learned in this episode is that everything in the universe is touching each other, yet the particles in your body never truly touch! Mama Mia!    Well anyway, I hope you enjoy it! Thanks for listening!   Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!    While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen   If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:   [Truth or Fail]   <a href="https://history.fnal.gov/felicia.html#Time">https://history.fnal.gov/felicia.html#Time</a> <a href="https://history.fnal.gov/meson.html">https://history.fnal.gov/meson.html</a> pictures: <a href="https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/felicia-ferret-particle-accelerator-fermilab">https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/felicia-ferret-particle-accelerator-fermilab</a> <a href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/stocking-series-part-1-wartime-rationing-and-nylon-riots-25391066/">https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/stocking-series-part-1-wartime-rationing-and-nylon-riots-25391066/</a> [Fact Off]   Surface plasmon resonance <a href="https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2016/12/nist-device-detecting-subatomic-scale-motion-has-potential-robotics">https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2016/12/nist-device-detecting-subatomic-scale-motion-has-potential-robotics</a> <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms13746">https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms13746</a> Dark matter supercold water <a href="https://indico.cern.ch/event/699961/contributions/3043319/attachments/1692706/2723798/snowball_idm.pdf">https://indico.cern.ch/event/699961/contributions/3043319/attachments/1692706/2723798/snowball_idm.pdf</a> <a href="https://arstechnica.com/science/2019/04/snowball-chamber-uses-supercooled-water-to-hunt-for-dark-matter-particles/">https://arstechnica.com/science/2019/04/snowball-chamber-uses-supercooled-water-to-hunt-for-dark-matter-particles/</a> <a href="http://www.astronomy.com/news/2019/04/new-snowball-chamber-might-aid-in-the-hunt-for-dark-matter">http://www.astronomy.com/news/2019/04/new-snowball-chamber-might-aid-in-the-hunt-for-dark-matter</a> <a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-04/aps-ch041119.php">https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-04/aps-ch041119.php</a>   From Matthew Szydagis, Snowball Chamber project lead: (Only certain uncharged particles trigger the freeze) because charged particles interact with the electrons and lose their energy spread out over a greater distance. This is called "dE/dx"  Too low of dE/dx means energy is not deposited within a critical radius, and so no nucleation happens. This is similar to how bubble and cloud chambers work (note, however, I was partially mistaken in my original claims, and my fully published paper in a scientific journal will address this soon: if you go cold enough you lower the dE/dx threshold enough and do see reactions from electron recoils from betas for example -- lower temperature lowers both the energy and dE/dx threshold). Lastly, though, it is not strictly a charge versus uncharged thing, so article is not 100% perfectly accurate scientifically. A gamma-ray is not charged and yet will not trigger the chamber until the dE/dx threshold is low enough, since like betas, gammas will interact almost exclusively with the electron cloud, and lead to electron-electron multiple-Coulomb-scattering.   [Ask the Science Couch]   Do atoms touch? <a href="https://www.sciencealert.com/99-9999999-of-your-body-is-empty-space">https://www.sciencealert.com/99-9999999-of-your-body-is-empty-space</a> <a href="https://wtamu.edu/~cbaird/sq/2013/04/16/do-atoms-ever-actually-touch-each-other/">https://wtamu.edu/~cbaird/sq/2013/04/16/do-atoms-ever-actually-touch-each-other/</a> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/science/Pauli-exclusion-principle">https://www.britannica.com/science/Pauli-exclusion-principle</a> <a href="http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/pauli.html">http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/pauli.html</a> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/science/fermion">https://www.britannica.com/science/fermion</a> <a href="https://www.pnas.org/content/114/23/5766">https://www.pnas.org/content/114/23/5766</a> [Butt One More Thing]   Proton-powered poops <a href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/01/080109104251.htm">https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/01/080109104251.htm</a> <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867407014791">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867407014791</a>

Things get a little weird this episode, and by ‘little’ I mean very little! One thing I learned in this episode is that everything in the universe is touching each other, yet the particles in your body never truly touch! Mama Mia!    Well anyway, I hope you enjoy it! Thanks for listening!   Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!    While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen   If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:   [Truth or Fail]   https://history.fnal.gov/felicia.html#Time https://history.fnal.gov/meson.html pictures: https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/felicia-ferret-particle-accelerator-fermilab https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/stocking-series-part-1-wartime-rationing-and-nylon-riots-25391066/ [Fact Off]   Surface plasmon resonance https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2016/12/nist-device-detecting-subatomic-scale-motion-has-potential-robotics https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms13746 Dark matter supercold water https://indico.cern.ch/event/699961/contributions/3043319/attachments/1692706/2723798/snowball_idm.pdf https://arstechnica.com/science/2019/04/snowball-chamber-uses-supercooled-water-to-hunt-for-dark-matter-particles/ http://www.astronomy.com/news/2019/04/new-snowball-chamber-might-aid-in-the-hunt-for-dark-matter https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-04/aps-ch041119.php   From Matthew Szydagis, Snowball Chamber project lead: (Only certain uncharged particles trigger the freeze) because charged particles interact with the electrons and lose their energy spread out over a greater distance. This is called "dE/dx"  Too low of dE/dx means energy is not deposited within a critical radius, and so no nucleation happens. This is similar to how bubble and cloud chambers work (note, however, I was partially mistaken in my original claims, and my fully published paper in a scientific journal will address this soon: if you go cold enough you lower the dE/dx threshold enough and do see reactions from electron recoils from betas for example -- lower temperature lowers both the energy and dE/dx threshold). Lastly, though, it is not strictly a charge versus uncharged thing, so article is not 100% perfectly accurate scientifically. A gamma-ray is not charged and yet will not trigger the chamber until the dE/dx threshold is low enough, since like betas, gammas will interact almost exclusively with the electron cloud, and lead to electron-electron multiple-Coulomb-scattering.   [Ask the Science Couch]   Do atoms touch? https://www.sciencealert.com/99-9999999-of-your-body-is-empty-space https://wtamu.edu/~cbaird/sq/2013/04/16/do-atoms-ever-actually-touch-each-other/ https://www.britannica.com/science/Pauli-exclusion-principle http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/pauli.html https://www.britannica.com/science/fermion https://www.pnas.org/content/114/23/5766 [Butt One More Thing]   Proton-powered poops https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/01/080109104251.htm https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867407014791  

67 - Subatomic

They say the fastest way to a man’s heart is through his stomach, but I think if you ask a doctor they would probably say that’s wrong! But what do I know? A very happy Valentine's Day to all of our listeners that do that kind of thing! Sorry we talk about some sort of gross things this time! Kind of spoiling the mood, huh?   Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!    While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen   If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:   [Truth or Fail]   Dr. Clarence Walton Lillehei and Heart Surgery <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002950.htm">https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002950.htm </a><a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/open-heart-surgery#when-it's-needed">https://www.healthline.com/health/open-heart-surgery#when-it's-needed </a><a href="http://www.understandinganimalresearch.org.uk/why/human-health/history-of-the-heart-lung-machine/">http://www.understandinganimalresearch.org.uk/why/human-health/history-of-the-heart-lung-machine/ </a><a href="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/frequently-asked-patient-questions/how-is-the-heart-stopped-during-open-heart-surgery/">https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/frequently-asked-patient-questions/how-is-the-heart-stopped-during-open-heart-surgery/ </a><a href="https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/circ.102.suppl_4.IV-87">https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/circ.102.suppl_4.IV-87</a>   Cold Operating Room <a href="https://www.jtcvs.org/article/S0022-5223(11)00421-1/pdf">https://www.jtcvs.org/article/S0022-5223(11)00421-1/pdf </a><a href="https://www.annalsthoracicsurgery.org/article/0003-4975(89)90151-3/pdf">https://www.annalsthoracicsurgery.org/article/0003-4975(89)90151-3/pdf</a>   Patient-Donor Pump <a href="https://www.annalsthoracicsurgery.org/article/S0003-4975(09)01080-7/pdf">https://www.annalsthoracicsurgery.org/article/S0003-4975(09)01080-7/pdf </a><a href="https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/01.CIR.100.13.1364">https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/01.CIR.100.13.1364 </a><a href="https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/circ.102.suppl_4.IV-87">https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/circ.102.suppl_4.IV-87 </a><a href="https://www.jtcvs.org/article/S0022-5223(04)00093-5/pdf">https://www.jtcvs.org/article/S0022-5223(04)00093-5/pdf </a><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=M5sbCxd5cioC">https://books.google.com/books?id=M5sbCxd5cioC</a>   [Fact Off]   Chopin’s heart <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/06/arts/chopin-heart-tuberculosis.html">https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/06/arts/chopin-heart-tuberculosis.html</a> <a href="https://apnews.com/bc0f09217f564329ae6fa2aefa6349a6/chopins-heart-exhumed-secret-relic">https://apnews.com/bc0f09217f564329ae6fa2aefa6349a6/chopins-heart-exhumed-secret-relic</a> <a href="https://www.livescience.com/60953-chopin-pickled-heart-reveals-cause-of-death.html">https://www.livescience.com/60953-chopin-pickled-heart-reveals-cause-of-death.html</a> <a href="https://www.amjmed.com/article/S0002-9343(17)31025-2/abstract">https://www.amjmed.com/article/S0002-9343(17)31025-2/abstract</a> <a href="https://www.amjmed.com/article/S0002-9343(17)31278-0/abstract">https://www.amjmed.com/article/S0002-9343(17)31278-0/abstract</a>   Heart catheterization   <a href="https://www.annalsthoracicsurgery.org/article/0003-4975(90)90272-8/pdf">https://www.annalsthoracicsurgery.org/article/0003-4975(90)90272-8/pdf</a> <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/clc.4960150715">https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/clc.4960150715</a> <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1956/forssmann/facts/">https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1956/forssmann/facts/</a> <a href="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/cardiac-catheterization/about/pac-20384695">https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/cardiac-catheterization/about/pac-20384695</a>   [Ask the Science Couch]   Non-human hearts (octopuses, earthworms, etc.) <a href="https://www.sciencefocus.com/nature/why-does-an-octopus-have-more-than-one-heart/">https://www.sciencefocus.com/nature/why-does-an-octopus-have-more-than-one-heart/</a> <a href="https://www.sas.upenn.edu/~rlenet/Earthworms.html">https://www.sas.upenn.edu/~rlenet/Earthworms.html</a> <a href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(05)60870-7/fulltext">https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(05)60870-7/fulltext</a>   Humans multiple hearts <a href="https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20131122-can-humans-have-two-hearts">https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20131122-can-humans-have-two-hearts</a> <a href="https://health.howstuffworks.com/human-body/systems/circulatory/two-lungs-one-heart1.htm">https://health.howstuffworks.com/human-body/systems/circulatory/two-lungs-one-heart1.htm</a> [Butt One More Thing]   Poo-phoria <a href="https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2014/02/18/poo-phoria-passing-a-stool_n_4808627.html?guccounter=1&amp;guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&amp;guce_referrer_sig=AQAAADUnfNBG8YHnR-Ox8uODweMqi2va_e2KJ4B5wI89owAVGMWXyVhJcgVguupYvytlKgjuTtKt8exTgRLnSiyJpW84568ApRLSqGbHWRE4No7OzOi-lEbepIgUj_LkxT6uc0fudXwTUrdKJvQFBf-K_khJCfCxKVJfPOTYlPMgXaYV">https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2014/02/18/poo-phoria-passing-a-stool_n_4808627.html</a> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3778072">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3778072</a>

They say the fastest way to a man’s heart is through his stomach, but I think if you ask a doctor they would probably say that’s wrong! But what do I know? A very happy Valentine's Day to all of our listeners that do that kind of thing! Sorry we talk about some sort of gross things this time! Kind of spoiling the mood, huh?   Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!    While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen   If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:   [Truth or Fail]   Dr. Clarence Walton Lillehei and Heart Surgery https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002950.htmhttps://www.healthline.com/health/open-heart-surgery#when-it's-neededhttp://www.understandinganimalresearch.org.uk/why/human-health/history-of-the-heart-lung-machine/https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/frequently-asked-patient-questions/how-is-the-heart-stopped-during-open-heart-surgery/https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/circ.102.suppl_4.IV-87   Cold Operating Room https://www.jtcvs.org/article/S0022-5223(11)00421-1/pdfhttps://www.annalsthoracicsurgery.org/article/0003-4975(89)90151-3/pdf   Patient-Donor Pump https://www.annalsthoracicsurgery.org/article/S0003-4975(09)01080-7/pdfhttps://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/01.CIR.100.13.1364https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/circ.102.suppl_4.IV-87https://www.jtcvs.org/article/S0022-5223(04)00093-5/pdfhttps://books.google.com/books?id=M5sbCxd5cioC   [Fact Off]   Chopin’s heart https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/06/arts/chopin-heart-tuberculosis.html https://apnews.com/bc0f09217f564329ae6fa2aefa6349a6/chopins-heart-exhumed-secret-relic https://www.livescience.com/60953-chopin-pickled-heart-reveals-cause-of-death.html https://www.amjmed.com/article/S0002-9343(17)31025-2/abstract https://www.amjmed.com/article/S0002-9343(17)31278-0/abstract   Heart catheterization   https://www.annalsthoracicsurgery.org/article/0003-4975(90)90272-8/pdf https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/clc.4960150715 https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1956/forssmann/facts/ https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/cardiac-catheterization/about/pac-20384695   [Ask the Science Couch]   Non-human hearts (octopuses, earthworms, etc.) https://www.sciencefocus.com/nature/why-does-an-octopus-have-more-than-one-heart/ https://www.sas.upenn.edu/~rlenet/Earthworms.html https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(05)60870-7/fulltext   Humans multiple hearts https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20131122-can-humans-have-two-hearts https://health.howstuffworks.com/human-body/systems/circulatory/two-lungs-one-heart1.htm [Butt One More Thing]   Poo-phoria https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2014/02/18/poo-phoria-passing-a-stool_n_4808627.html https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3778072     

66 - Hearts

Meat... seems pretty simple on the surface, but what do we really know about it? Like.. are living things made of meat? Or is meat only meat once it's being eaten? What was the first meat? What was the first thing to eat the first meat? Is eating prehistoric meat a good idea? Do we find the answer to any of these questions in this episode? I can't remember, frankly, but probably a few.    Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!    While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen   If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links: [Truth or Fail]   Foal <a href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/scientists-extracted-liquid-blood-42000-year-old-foal-found-siberian-permafrost-180971979/">https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/scientists-extracted-liquid-blood-42000-year-old-foal-found-siberian-permafrost-180971979/</a>   Bison <a href="https://www.uaf.edu/museum/press/spotlight/blue-babe/">https://www.uaf.edu/museum/press/spotlight/blue-babe/</a> <a href="https://historythings.com/aged-beef-delicacy-eating-meat-36000-year-old-bison/">https://historythings.com/aged-beef-delicacy-eating-meat-36000-year-old-bison/</a> <a href="https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/ancient-bison-stew-blue-babe-alaska">https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/ancient-bison-stew-blue-babe-alaska</a>   Crocodile <a href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/ancient-egyptians-hunted-then-mummified-crocodiles-180973197/">https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/ancient-egyptians-hunted-then-mummified-crocodiles-180973197/</a> [Fact Off]   Carnivorous Herbivores <a href="https://bioone.org/journals/Northwestern-Naturalist/volume-99/issue-3/NWN18-05.1/Scavenging-By-Snowshoe-Hares-iLepus-americanusi-In-Yukon-Canada/10.1898/NWN18-05.1.short">https://bioone.org/journals/Northwestern-Naturalist/volume-99/issue-3/NWN18-05.1/Scavenging-By-Snowshoe-Hares-iLepus-americanusi-In-Yukon-Canada/10.1898/NWN18-05.1.short</a> <a href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/when-herbivores-arent-poor-chicken-got-eaten-cow-180951115/">https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/when-herbivores-arent-poor-chicken-got-eaten-cow-180951115/</a> <a href="https://bioone.org/journals/Northwestern-Naturalist/volume-99/issue-3/NWN18-05.1/Scavenging-By-Snowshoe-Hares-iLepus-americanusi-In-Yukon-Canada/10.1898/NWN18-05.1.short">https://bioone.org/journals/Northwestern-Naturalist/volume-99/issue-3/NWN18-05.1/Scavenging-By-Snowshoe-Hares-iLepus-americanusi-In-Yukon-Canada/10.1898/NWN18-05.1.short</a> <a href="https://www.outdoornews.com/2015/03/19/who-knew-tape-shows-deer-raiding-birds-nests/">https://www.outdoornews.com/2015/03/19/who-knew-tape-shows-deer-raiding-birds-nests/</a>   Dyeing Salmon <a href="https://www.adfg.alaska.gov/index.cfm?adfg=wildlifenews.view_article&amp;articles_id=738">https://www.adfg.alaska.gov/index.cfm?adfg=wildlifenews.view_article&amp;articles_id=738</a> <a href="https://nextnature.net/2012/06/dyeing-salmon-pink-for-farms-and-profit">https://nextnature.net/2012/06/dyeing-salmon-pink-for-farms-and-profit</a> <a href="https://www.seattlepi.com/news/article/The-salmon-struggle-A-fish-by-any-other-color-is-1115339.php">https://www.seattlepi.com/news/article/The-salmon-struggle-A-fish-by-any-other-color-is-1115339.php</a>   [Ask the Science Couch]   Gamey meat <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0309174015301376">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0309174015301376</a> <a href="https://extension.umn.edu/preserving-and-preparing/cooking-venison-flavor-and-safety">https://extension.umn.edu/preserving-and-preparing/cooking-venison-flavor-and-safety</a> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6154429/">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6154429/</a> <a href="https://bastyr.edu/news/general-news-health-tips-spotlight-1/2015/08/why-choose-grass-fed-meat">https://bastyr.edu/news/general-news-health-tips-spotlight-1/2015/08/why-choose-grass-fed-meat</a> <a href="http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.361.2312&amp;rep=rep1&amp;type=pdf">http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.361.2312&amp;rep=rep1&amp;type=pdf</a>   [Butt One More Thing]   Pork butt <a href="https://www.southernliving.com/bbq/why-is-it-called-boston-butt">https://www.southernliving.com/bbq/why-is-it-called-boston-butt</a> <a href="https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/22382/how-9-cuts-meat-got-their-names">https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/22382/how-9-cuts-meat-got-their-names</a>

  Meat... seems pretty simple on the surface, but what do we really know about it? Like.. are living things made of meat? Or is meat only meat once it's being eaten? What was the first meat? What was the first thing to eat the first meat? Is eating prehistoric meat a good idea? Do we find the answer to any of these questions in this episode? I can't remember, frankly, but probably a few.    Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!    While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen   If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links: [Truth or Fail]   Foal https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/scientists-extracted-liquid-blood-42000-year-old-foal-found-siberian-permafrost-180971979/   Bison https://www.uaf.edu/museum/press/spotlight/blue-babe/ https://historythings.com/aged-beef-delicacy-eating-meat-36000-year-old-bison/ https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/ancient-bison-stew-blue-babe-alaska   Crocodile https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/ancient-egyptians-hunted-then-mummified-crocodiles-180973197/ [Fact Off]   Carnivorous Herbivores https://bioone.org/journals/Northwestern-Naturalist/volume-99/issue-3/NWN18-05.1/Scavenging-By-Snowshoe-Hares-iLepus-americanusi-In-Yukon-Canada/10.1898/NWN18-05.1.short https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/when-herbivores-arent-poor-chicken-got-eaten-cow-180951115/ https://bioone.org/journals/Northwestern-Naturalist/volume-99/issue-3/NWN18-05.1/Scavenging-By-Snowshoe-Hares-iLepus-americanusi-In-Yukon-Canada/10.1898/NWN18-05.1.short https://www.outdoornews.com/2015/03/19/who-knew-tape-shows-deer-raiding-birds-nests/   Dyeing Salmon https://www.adfg.alaska.gov/index.cfm?adfg=wildlifenews.view_article&amp;articles_id=738 https://nextnature.net/2012/06/dyeing-salmon-pink-for-farms-and-profit https://www.seattlepi.com/news/article/The-salmon-struggle-A-fish-by-any-other-color-is-1115339.php   [Ask the Science Couch]   Gamey meat https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0309174015301376 https://extension.umn.edu/preserving-and-preparing/cooking-venison-flavor-and-safety https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6154429/ https://bastyr.edu/news/general-news-health-tips-spotlight-1/2015/08/why-choose-grass-fed-meat http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.361.2312&amp;rep=rep1&amp;type=pdf   [Butt One More Thing]   Pork butt https://www.southernliving.com/bbq/why-is-it-called-boston-butt https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/22382/how-9-cuts-meat-got-their-names 

65 - Meat

So look, Stefan sings a song in this episode, so I’m not sure what more you need. He looked cool as heck when he was doing it and I was really proud of him!   Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!    While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen   If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:   [Truth or Fail]   Music &amp; Creativity <a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-02/lu-hlt022619.php">https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-02/lu-hlt022619.php</a>   Inspirational Music &amp; Sports performance <a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-01/f-mmi012918.php">https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-01/f-mmi012918.php</a>   Music &amp; Driving <a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-08/aabu-tdm082213.php">https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-08/aabu-tdm082213.php</a> <a href="https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/e5b0/98e4ef211279d26a14d7502a80232a90dc2d.pdf">https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/e5b0/98e4ef211279d26a14d7502a80232a90dc2d.pdf</a> [Fact Off]   Nanoguitar  <a href="http://news.cornell.edu/stories/1997/07/worlds-smallest-silicon-mechanical-devices-are-made-cornell">http://news.cornell.edu/stories/1997/07/worlds-smallest-silicon-mechanical-devices-are-made-cornell</a> Telharmonium <a href="http://synthmuseum.com/magazine/0102jw.html">http://synthmuseum.com/magazine/0102jw.html</a> <a href="https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/music-and-theater-arts/21m-380-music-and-technology-contemporary-history-and-aesthetics-fall-2009/lecture-notes-and-videos/MIT21M_380F09_lec11.pdf">https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/music-and-theater-arts/21m-380-music-and-technology-contemporary-history-and-aesthetics-fall-2009/lecture-notes-and-videos/MIT21M_380F09_lec11.pdf</a> <a href="http://120years.net/the-telharmonium-thaddeus-cahill-usa-1897/">http://120years.net/the-telharmonium-thaddeus-cahill-usa-1897/</a> <a href="http://www.csun.edu/~dwh50750/Classes/MUS191/Emusic_readings/ECenturyPartI.html">http://www.csun.edu/~dwh50750/Classes/MUS191/Emusic_readings/ECenturyPartI.html</a> Scientific American article: <a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/Telharmonium_-_Scientific_American_1907.png">https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/Telharmonium_-_Scientific_American_1907.png</a>   [Ask the Science Couch]   Timbre <a href="http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Sound/timbre.html">http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Sound/timbre.html</a> <a href="https://cecm.indiana.edu/etext/acoustics/chapter1_timbre.shtml">https://cecm.indiana.edu/etext/acoustics/chapter1_timbre.shtml</a> <a href="https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/health-sciences-and-technology/hst-725-music-perception-and-cognition-spring-2009/lecture-notes/MITHST_725S09_lec07_timbre.pdf">https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/health-sciences-and-technology/hst-725-music-perception-and-cognition-spring-2009/lecture-notes/MITHST_725S09_lec07_timbre.pdf</a>   Beetlejuice <a href="https://twitter.com/VoiceSLPChris/status/1111285302352625665/video/1">https://twitter.com/VoiceSLPChris/status/1111285302352625665/video/1</a>   [Butt One More Thing]   Brown note <a href="https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=khzDRYfj97AC&amp;pg=PA932&amp;lpg=PA932&amp;dq=the+collophone+commemorated&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=vrgUH_MUh4&amp;sig=Z2nnGZJ6W3_Ph_gzXKuhXCbLfW0&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0ahUKEwie2pKZw7_QAhWsJcAKHdIlCYEQ6AEIGzAA#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=khzDRYfj97AC&amp;pg=PA932&amp;lpg=PA932&amp;dq=the+collophone+commemorated&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=vrgUH_MUh4&amp;sig=Z2nnGZJ6W3_Ph_gzXKuhXCbLfW0&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0ahUKEwie2pKZw7_QAhWsJcAKHdIlCYEQ6AEIGzAA#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false</a> <a href="https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/ppv35z/in-search-of-the-brown-noise">https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/ppv35z/in-search-of-the-brown-noise</a>

So look, Stefan sings a song in this episode, so I’m not sure what more you need. He looked cool as heck when he was doing it and I was really proud of him!   Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!    While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen   If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:   [Truth or Fail]   Music &amp; Creativity https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-02/lu-hlt022619.php   Inspirational Music &amp; Sports performance https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-01/f-mmi012918.php   Music &amp; Driving https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-08/aabu-tdm082213.php https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/e5b0/98e4ef211279d26a14d7502a80232a90dc2d.pdf [Fact Off]   Nanoguitar  http://news.cornell.edu/stories/1997/07/worlds-smallest-silicon-mechanical-devices-are-made-cornell Telharmonium http://synthmuseum.com/magazine/0102jw.html https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/music-and-theater-arts/21m-380-music-and-technology-contemporary-history-and-aesthetics-fall-2009/lecture-notes-and-videos/MIT21M_380F09_lec11.pdf http://120years.net/the-telharmonium-thaddeus-cahill-usa-1897/ http://www.csun.edu/~dwh50750/Classes/MUS191/Emusic_readings/ECenturyPartI.html Scientific American article: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/Telharmonium_-_Scientific_American_1907.png   [Ask the Science Couch]   Timbre http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Sound/timbre.html https://cecm.indiana.edu/etext/acoustics/chapter1_timbre.shtml https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/health-sciences-and-technology/hst-725-music-perception-and-cognition-spring-2009/lecture-notes/MITHST_725S09_lec07_timbre.pdf   Beetlejuice https://twitter.com/VoiceSLPChris/status/1111285302352625665/video/1   [Butt One More Thing]   Brown note https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=khzDRYfj97AC&amp;pg=PA932&amp;lpg=PA932&amp;dq=the+collophone+commemorated&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=vrgUH_MUh4&amp;sig=Z2nnGZJ6W3_Ph_gzXKuhXCbLfW0&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0ahUKEwie2pKZw7_QAhWsJcAKHdIlCYEQ6AEIGzAA#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/ppv35z/in-search-of-the-brown-noise

64 - Music

From diet, to shoes, to movement efficiency, people devote their lives to researching and perfecting the art of running. Meanwhile, cheetahs run 75 mph and they sleep all day. No fair! Ceri caught a plane to run a marathon right after we recorded this! I probably went home and watched TV for four hours. Oh well!   Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!    While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen   If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links: [Truth or Fail]   <a href="https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/12275/treadmill-originated-prisons">https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/12275/treadmill-originated-prisons</a> <a href="https://digest.bps.org.uk/2016/10/14/investigating-the-weird-effects-treadmills-have-on-our-perception/">https://digest.bps.org.uk/2016/10/14/investigating-the-weird-effects-treadmills-have-on-our-perception/</a> <a href="https://www.popsci.com/treadmill-running-illusion/">https://www.popsci.com/treadmill-running-illusion/</a> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8692265">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8692265</a> (<a href="http://wexler.free.fr/library/files/pelah%20(1996)%20visual%20illusion%20from%20running.pdf">pdf here</a>)   [Fact Off]   Tiger beetle <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4009161?seq=1">https://www.jstor.org/stable/4009161?seq=1</a> <a href="https://phys.org/news/2014-11-tiger-beetle-fast.html">https://phys.org/news/2014-11-tiger-beetle-fast.html</a> <a href="http://news.cornell.edu/stories/1998/01/tiger-beetles-go-blind-chasing-prey-high-speeds">http://news.cornell.edu/stories/1998/01/tiger-beetles-go-blind-chasing-prey-high-speeds</a>   Exotendon <a href="https://biomedical-engineering-online.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1475-925X-2-17">https://biomedical-engineering-online.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1475-925X-2-17</a> <a href="https://scopeblog.stanford.edu/2019/08/20/is-a-rubber-band-the-secret-to-running-faster/">https://scopeblog.stanford.edu/2019/08/20/is-a-rubber-band-the-secret-to-running-faster/</a>   [Ask the Science Couch]   Barefoot running <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4550712/">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4550712/</a> <a href="https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/guest-blog/the-science-of-barefoot-running-a-personal-journey/">https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/guest-blog/the-science-of-barefoot-running-a-personal-journey/</a> <a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2015-03/aaoo-rbm032315.php">https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2015-03/aaoo-rbm032315.php</a> <a href="https://www.apma.org/Media/position.cfm?ItemNumber=995">https://www.apma.org/Media/position.cfm?ItemNumber=995</a> <a href="https://fl.milesplit.com/articles/112223/most-read-article-of-2017-heels-or-toes-what-is-the-best-way-to-run">https://fl.milesplit.com/articles/112223/most-read-article-of-2017-heels-or-toes-what-is-the-best-way-to-run</a>   [Butt One More Thing]   Runner’s diarrhea <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1556421">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1556421</a> <a href="https://www.mayoclinic.org/runners-diarrhea/expert-answers/faq-20058107">https://www.mayoclinic.org/runners-diarrhea/expert-answers/faq-20058107</a>

From diet, to shoes, to movement efficiency, people devote their lives to researching and perfecting the art of running. Meanwhile, cheetahs run 75 mph and they sleep all day. No fair! Ceri caught a plane to run a marathon right after we recorded this! I probably went home and watched TV for four hours. Oh well!   Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!    While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen   If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links: [Truth or Fail]   https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/12275/treadmill-originated-prisons https://digest.bps.org.uk/2016/10/14/investigating-the-weird-effects-treadmills-have-on-our-perception/ https://www.popsci.com/treadmill-running-illusion/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8692265 (pdf here)   [Fact Off]   Tiger beetle https://www.jstor.org/stable/4009161?seq=1 https://phys.org/news/2014-11-tiger-beetle-fast.html http://news.cornell.edu/stories/1998/01/tiger-beetles-go-blind-chasing-prey-high-speeds   Exotendon https://biomedical-engineering-online.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1475-925X-2-17 https://scopeblog.stanford.edu/2019/08/20/is-a-rubber-band-the-secret-to-running-faster/   [Ask the Science Couch]   Barefoot running https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4550712/ https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/guest-blog/the-science-of-barefoot-running-a-personal-journey/ https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2015-03/aaoo-rbm032315.php https://www.apma.org/Media/position.cfm?ItemNumber=995 https://fl.milesplit.com/articles/112223/most-read-article-of-2017-heels-or-toes-what-is-the-best-way-to-run   [Butt One More Thing]   Runner’s diarrhea https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1556421 https://www.mayoclinic.org/runners-diarrhea/expert-answers/faq-20058107 

63 - Running

Wise men have long pondered how magnets work. We all know the answer is “magic,” but Ceri and Hank have to keep up the illusion that science is real, so please humor them.   Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!    While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen   If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links: Magnets -    [Truth or Fail]   Magnet Therapy <a href="https://www.livescience.com/40174-magnetic-therapy.html">https://www.livescience.com/40174-magnetic-therapy.html</a>   God Machine <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/horizon/2003/godonbrain.shtml">http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/horizon/2003/godonbrain.shtml</a> <a href="https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/inside-the-mind/human-brain/brain-religion2.htm">https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/inside-the-mind/human-brain/brain-religion2.htm</a> <a href="https://www.psypost.org/2018/01/fake-god-helmet-can-elicit-extraordinary-experiences-especially-among-spiritual-people-50619">https://www.psypost.org/2018/01/fake-god-helmet-can-elicit-extraordinary-experiences-especially-among-spiritual-people-50619</a> <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/2153599X.2017.1403952">https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/2153599X.2017.1403952</a> <a href="https://mysteriousuniverse.org/2018/01/test-of-god-helmet-at-music-fest-yields-strange-results/">https://mysteriousuniverse.org/2018/01/test-of-god-helmet-at-music-fest-yields-strange-results/</a>   Electro-Metabograph <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CeMDAAAAMBAJ&amp;pg=PA218&amp;lpg=PA218&amp;dq=Electro-metabograph+machine&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=JjXhceV_VG&amp;sig=ACfU3U3mlpAO1DmRW9B8ef9cSK12nuCRew&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjs2dOe6b_mAhXSHjQIHZPICLMQ6AEwEHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=Electro-metabograph%20machine&amp;f=false">https://books.google.com/books?id=CeMDAAAAMBAJ&amp;pg=PA218&amp;lpg=PA218&amp;dq=Electro-metabograph+machine&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=JjXhceV_VG&amp;sig=ACfU3U3mlpAO1DmRW9B8ef9cSK12nuCRew&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjs2dOe6b_mAhXSHjQIHZPICLMQ6AEwEHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=Electro-metabograph%20machine&amp;f=false</a>   Radium Ore Revigator <a href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2010/1/100118-radiation-toxic-water-revigator/">https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2010/1/100118-radiation-toxic-water-revigator/</a>   [Fact Off]   Airport runways/WMM <a href="https://www.wired.com/story/airports-rename-runways-magnetic-shift/">https://www.wired.com/story/airports-rename-runways-magnetic-shift/</a> <a href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/news/airport-runway-names-shift-magnetic-field">https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/news/airport-runway-names-shift-magnetic-field</a> <a href="https://cires.colorado.edu/news/airport-runway-names-shift-earth%E2%80%99s-magnetic-field">https://cires.colorado.edu/news/airport-runway-names-shift-earth%E2%80%99s-magnetic-field</a> <a href="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/asw_may08_p18-22.pdf">https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/asw_may08_p18-22.pdf</a> <a href="https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/geomag/GeomagneticPoles.shtml">https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/geomag/GeomagneticPoles.shtml</a> <a href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/news/world-magnetic-model-2020-released">https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/news/world-magnetic-model-2020-released</a>   Ferrofluids <a href="http://aerospace.mtu.edu/research/ionic-liquid-ferrofluid-microthrusters/">http://aerospace.mtu.edu/research/ionic-liquid-ferrofluid-microthrusters/</a> <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/ferrofluid">https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/ferrofluid</a> <a href="https://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.4985141">https://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.4985141</a>   [Ask the Science Couch]   Demagnetizing <a href="https://www.wired.com/story/the-physics-of-falling-magnets-in-stranger-things-season-3/">https://www.wired.com/story/the-physics-of-falling-magnets-in-stranger-things-season-3/</a> <a href="https://nationalmaglab.org/education/magnet-academy/plan-a-lesson/demagnetizing">https://nationalmaglab.org/education/magnet-academy/plan-a-lesson/demagnetizing</a> <a href="http://www.magmamagnets.com/electromagnets-solenoids/">http://www.magmamagnets.com/electromagnets-solenoids/</a> <a href="https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/150570/what-is-the-difference-between-electromagnet-and-solenoid">https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/150570/what-is-the-difference-between-electromagnet-and-solenoid</a>   [Butt One More Thing]   Magnetic anal sphincter <a href="https://newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org/discussion/mayo-clinic-first-to-implant-device-to-solve-fecal-incontinence/">https://newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org/discussion/mayo-clinic-first-to-implant-device-to-solve-fecal-incontinence/</a> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27926562">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27926562</a> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21654242">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21654242</a>

Wise men have long pondered how magnets work. We all know the answer is “magic,” but Ceri and Hank have to keep up the illusion that science is real, so please humor them.   Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!    While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen   If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links: Magnets -    [Truth or Fail]   Magnet Therapy https://www.livescience.com/40174-magnetic-therapy.html   God Machine http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/horizon/2003/godonbrain.shtml https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/inside-the-mind/human-brain/brain-religion2.htm https://www.psypost.org/2018/01/fake-god-helmet-can-elicit-extraordinary-experiences-especially-among-spiritual-people-50619 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/2153599X.2017.1403952 https://mysteriousuniverse.org/2018/01/test-of-god-helmet-at-music-fest-yields-strange-results/   Electro-Metabograph https://books.google.com/books?id=CeMDAAAAMBAJ&amp;pg=PA218&amp;lpg=PA218&amp;dq=Electro-metabograph+machine&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=JjXhceV_VG&amp;sig=ACfU3U3mlpAO1DmRW9B8ef9cSK12nuCRew&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjs2dOe6b_mAhXSHjQIHZPICLMQ6AEwEHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=Electro-metabograph%20machine&amp;f=false   Radium Ore Revigator https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2010/1/100118-radiation-toxic-water-revigator/   [Fact Off]   Airport runways/WMM https://www.wired.com/story/airports-rename-runways-magnetic-shift/ https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/news/airport-runway-names-shift-magnetic-field https://cires.colorado.edu/news/airport-runway-names-shift-earth%E2%80%99s-magnetic-field https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/asw_may08_p18-22.pdf https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/geomag/GeomagneticPoles.shtml https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/news/world-magnetic-model-2020-released   Ferrofluids http://aerospace.mtu.edu/research/ionic-liquid-ferrofluid-microthrusters/ https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/ferrofluid https://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.4985141   [Ask the Science Couch]   Demagnetizing https://www.wired.com/story/the-physics-of-falling-magnets-in-stranger-things-season-3/ https://nationalmaglab.org/education/magnet-academy/plan-a-lesson/demagnetizing http://www.magmamagnets.com/electromagnets-solenoids/ https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/150570/what-is-the-difference-between-electromagnet-and-solenoid   [Butt One More Thing]   Magnetic anal sphincter https://newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org/discussion/mayo-clinic-first-to-implant-device-to-solve-fecal-incontinence/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27926562 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21654242 

62 - Magnets

Listening to Tangents is like making an investment with your brain. And the dividend? Knowledge. Invest today, won't you? Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!    If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:   [Truth or Fail]   Supernotes <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/23/magazine/23counterfeit.html">https://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/23/magazine/23counterfeit.html</a> <a href="https://www.uscurrency.gov/history">https://www.uscurrency.gov/history</a>   Counterfeit $1 bills <a href="https://www.nydailynews.com/news/crime/finding-mr-880-case-1-counterfeit-article-1.109016">https://www.nydailynews.com/news/crime/finding-mr-880-case-1-counterfeit-article-1.109016</a> <a href="https://www.nysun.com/on-the-town/little-old-moneymaker/9282/">https://www.nysun.com/on-the-town/little-old-moneymaker/9282/</a> pictures: <a href="https://thehustle.co/worst-counterfeiter-in-history-mr-880/">https://thehustle.co/worst-counterfeiter-in-history-mr-880/</a> <a href="https://www.secretservice.gov/about/history/events/">https://www.secretservice.gov/about/history/events/</a>   Costume jewelry scam <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ELgiAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA85&amp;lpg=PA85">https://books.google.com/books?id=ELgiAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA85&amp;lpg=PA85</a> <a href="https://o.canada.com/technology/nigerian-email-scams-royally-obvious-for-good-reason-study-says-3">https://o.canada.com/technology/nigerian-email-scams-royally-obvious-for-good-reason-study-says-3</a>   [Fact Off]   Xerox machine anti-counterfeiting <a href="https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/67833/counterfeit-chocolate-not-just-thing-past">https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/67833/counterfeit-chocolate-not-just-thing-past</a> <a href="https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20170607-why-printers-add-secret-tracking-dots">https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20170607-why-printers-add-secret-tracking-dots</a> <a href="https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20150624-the-secret-codes-of-british-banknotes">https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20150624-the-secret-codes-of-british-banknotes</a> <a href="https://murdoch.is/projects/currency/">https://murdoch.is/projects/currency/</a>   Yap stone money <a href="https://www.npr.org/sections/money/2011/02/15/131934618/the-island-of-stone-money">https://www.npr.org/sections/money/2011/02/15/131934618/the-island-of-stone-money</a> <a href="http://www.bbc.com/travel/story/20180502-the-tiny-island-with-human-sized-money">http://www.bbc.com/travel/story/20180502-the-tiny-island-with-human-sized-money</a> <a href="https://www.sciencealert.com/the-original-bitcoin-still-exists-as-giant-stone-money-on-a-tiny-pacific-island">https://www.sciencealert.com/the-original-bitcoin-still-exists-as-giant-stone-money-on-a-tiny-pacific-island</a> <a href="https://www.sciencenews.org/article/yap-stone-money-bitcoin-blockchain-cryptocurrency">https://www.sciencenews.org/article/yap-stone-money-bitcoin-blockchain-cryptocurrency</a>   [Ask the Science Couch]   Plastic vs. paper bills <a href="https://www.banknoteworld.com/blog/the-pros-and-cons-of-polymer-banknotes/">https://www.banknoteworld.com/blog/the-pros-and-cons-of-polymer-banknotes/</a> <a href="https://www.euronews.com/2018/05/16/polymer-vs-paper-banknotes-which-one-is-better-for-environment-">https://www.euronews.com/2018/05/16/polymer-vs-paper-banknotes-which-one-is-better-for-environment-</a> <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/davekeating/2019/08/21/englands-new-currency-is-harming-the-climate-report/#543d2d76524f">https://www.forbes.com/sites/davekeating/2019/08/21/englands-new-currency-is-harming-the-climate-report/#543d2d76524f</a> <a href="https://www.moneyboat.co.uk/blog/paper-vs-polymer/">https://www.moneyboat.co.uk/blog/paper-vs-polymer/</a> https://<a href="http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/-/media/boe/files/banknotes/polymer/lca-of-paper-and-polymer-bank-notes.pdf?la=en&amp;hash=7D3845CE11AD21F300CFA023F8FCF4AA37FB73CC">www.bankofengland.co.uk/-/media/boe/files/banknotes/polymer/lca-of-paper-and-polymer-bank-notes.pdf?la=en&amp;hash=7D3845CE11AD21F300CFA023F8FCF4AA37FB73CC</a>    Composting or washing U.S. money <a href="https://www.cnet.com/news/cash-to-trash-watch-millions-of-dollars-turn-into-compost/">https://www.cnet.com/news/cash-to-trash-watch-millions-of-dollars-turn-into-compost/</a> <a href="https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/pressroom/presspacs/2014/acs-presspac-january-8-2014/laundering-money-literally-could-save-billions-of-dollars.html">https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/pressroom/presspacs/2014/acs-presspac-january-8-2014/laundering-money-literally-could-save-billions-of-dollars.html</a>   [Butt One More Thing]   Penny swallowing <a href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1998-12-01-9812010102-story.html">https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1998-12-01-9812010102-story.html</a> <a href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1998/12/981201033841.htm">https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1998/12/981201033841.htm</a>

Listening to Tangents is like making an investment with your brain. And the dividend? Knowledge. Invest today, won't you? Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!    If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:   [Truth or Fail]   Supernotes https://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/23/magazine/23counterfeit.html https://www.uscurrency.gov/history   Counterfeit $1 bills https://www.nydailynews.com/news/crime/finding-mr-880-case-1-counterfeit-article-1.109016 https://www.nysun.com/on-the-town/little-old-moneymaker/9282/ pictures: https://thehustle.co/worst-counterfeiter-in-history-mr-880/ https://www.secretservice.gov/about/history/events/   Costume jewelry scam https://books.google.com/books?id=ELgiAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA85&amp;lpg=PA85 https://o.canada.com/technology/nigerian-email-scams-royally-obvious-for-good-reason-study-says-3   [Fact Off]   Xerox machine anti-counterfeiting https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/67833/counterfeit-chocolate-not-just-thing-past https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20170607-why-printers-add-secret-tracking-dots https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20150624-the-secret-codes-of-british-banknotes https://murdoch.is/projects/currency/   Yap stone money https://www.npr.org/sections/money/2011/02/15/131934618/the-island-of-stone-money http://www.bbc.com/travel/story/20180502-the-tiny-island-with-human-sized-money https://www.sciencealert.com/the-original-bitcoin-still-exists-as-giant-stone-money-on-a-tiny-pacific-island https://www.sciencenews.org/article/yap-stone-money-bitcoin-blockchain-cryptocurrency   [Ask the Science Couch]   Plastic vs. paper bills https://www.banknoteworld.com/blog/the-pros-and-cons-of-polymer-banknotes/ https://www.euronews.com/2018/05/16/polymer-vs-paper-banknotes-which-one-is-better-for-environment- https://www.forbes.com/sites/davekeating/2019/08/21/englands-new-currency-is-harming-the-climate-report/#543d2d76524f https://www.moneyboat.co.uk/blog/paper-vs-polymer/ https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/-/media/boe/files/banknotes/polymer/lca-of-paper-and-polymer-bank-notes.pdf?la=en&amp;hash=7D3845CE11AD21F300CFA023F8FCF4AA37FB73CC    Composting or washing U.S. money https://www.cnet.com/news/cash-to-trash-watch-millions-of-dollars-turn-into-compost/ https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/pressroom/presspacs/2014/acs-presspac-january-8-2014/laundering-money-literally-could-save-billions-of-dollars.html   [Butt One More Thing]   Penny swallowing https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1998-12-01-9812010102-story.html https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1998/12/981201033841.htm  

61 - Money

SciShow Tangents’ exploration of the electromagnetic spectrum continues with good old, dependable light! What is it? Where does it come from? Only Ceri knows (sort of)! Also, happy New Year to all of our amazing listeners! Thank you for your support over the last year, and here's to another year of laughing and learning with all of you! Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!    If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:   [Truth or Fail]   EROS <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25788334">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25788334</a>   MOZE <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-019-0389-0">https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-019-0389-0</a>   FReSH <a href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature10428.html">http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature10428.html</a>   [Fact Off]   Eidophor <a href="https://www.earlytelevision.org/eidophor.html">https://www.earlytelevision.org/eidophor.html</a> <a href="https://hackaday.com/2016/03/15/retrotechtacular-eidophor-an-unknown-widely-used-projector/">https://hackaday.com/2016/03/15/retrotechtacular-eidophor-an-unknown-widely-used-projector/</a> <a href="http://www.film-tech.com/ubb/f1/t004319.html">http://www.film-tech.com/ubb/f1/t004319.html</a> <a href="http://www.earlytelevision.org/yanczer_eidophor.html">http://www.earlytelevision.org/yanczer_eidophor.html</a>   Centennial light <a href="http://www.centennialbulb.org/index.htm">http://www.centennialbulb.org/index.htm</a> <a href="https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/66009/light-bulb-has-been-burning-1901?a_aid=45307&amp;fbclid=IwAR3_7mlDRD-uZPsDQkeHzRxRvwrBDGT33lPXMnR9yIc6pN-X-ETkgqRjMF8">https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/66009/light-bulb-has-been-burning-1901</a> <a href="https://www.lampsplus.com/ideas-and-advice/how-an-incandescent-light-bulb-works/">https://www.lampsplus.com/ideas-and-advice/how-an-incandescent-light-bulb-works/</a> <a href="https://spectrum.ieee.org/tech-history/dawn-of-electronics/the-great-lightbulb-conspiracy">https://spectrum.ieee.org/tech-history/dawn-of-electronics/the-great-lightbulb-conspiracy</a> <a href="https://www.npr.org/2019/03/27/707188193/the-phoebus-cartel">https://www.npr.org/2019/03/27/707188193/the-phoebus-cartel</a>   [Ask the Science Couch]   Brightest artificial light <a href="https://www.wired.co.uk/article/brightest-light-ever-computer-chips">https://www.wired.co.uk/article/brightest-light-ever-computer-chips</a> <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/nphoton.2017.100">https://www.nature.com/articles/nphoton.2017.100</a> <a href="https://www.unl.edu/diocles/home">https://www.unl.edu/diocles/home</a> <a href="https://www.labmanager.com/research-specific-labs/2017/11/home-of-the-world-s-brightest-laser-looks-to-bring-high-quality-x-rays-to-research-medical-applications#.Xe_nrZNKhnN">https://www.labmanager.com/research-specific-labs/2017/11/home-of-the-world-s-brightest-laser-looks-to-bring-high-quality-x-rays-to-research-medical-applications#.Xe_nrZNKhnN</a>   [Butt One More Thing]   Firefly butt vs. LED <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0030402619300452?via%3Dihub">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0030402619300452?via%3Dihub</a> <a href="https://www.futurity.org/light-bulbs-leds-fireflies-1988062/">https://www.futurity.org/light-bulbs-leds-fireflies-1988062/</a>

SciShow Tangents’ exploration of the electromagnetic spectrum continues with good old, dependable light! What is it? Where does it come from? Only Ceri knows (sort of)! Also, happy New Year to all of our amazing listeners! Thank you for your support over the last year, and here's to another year of laughing and learning with all of you! Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!    If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:   [Truth or Fail]   EROS https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25788334   MOZE https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-019-0389-0   FReSH http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature10428.html   [Fact Off]   Eidophor https://www.earlytelevision.org/eidophor.html https://hackaday.com/2016/03/15/retrotechtacular-eidophor-an-unknown-widely-used-projector/ http://www.film-tech.com/ubb/f1/t004319.html http://www.earlytelevision.org/yanczer_eidophor.html   Centennial light http://www.centennialbulb.org/index.htm https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/66009/light-bulb-has-been-burning-1901 https://www.lampsplus.com/ideas-and-advice/how-an-incandescent-light-bulb-works/ https://spectrum.ieee.org/tech-history/dawn-of-electronics/the-great-lightbulb-conspiracy https://www.npr.org/2019/03/27/707188193/the-phoebus-cartel   [Ask the Science Couch]   Brightest artificial light https://www.wired.co.uk/article/brightest-light-ever-computer-chips https://www.nature.com/articles/nphoton.2017.100 https://www.unl.edu/diocles/home https://www.labmanager.com/research-specific-labs/2017/11/home-of-the-world-s-brightest-laser-looks-to-bring-high-quality-x-rays-to-research-medical-applications#.Xe_nrZNKhnN   [Butt One More Thing]   Firefly butt vs. LED https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0030402619300452?via%3Dihub https://www.futurity.org/light-bulbs-leds-fireflies-1988062/ 

60 - Light

Humans have wielded the power of radio waves for more than a century, but what exactly are they and how do we use them to transmit information? It turns out, even geniuses like Hank and Ceri have a hard time explaining that!  Also, as our present to you, this is a longer-than-usual episode! Enjoy an extra 5 minutes of nonsense! Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!    If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links: [Truth or Fail] E. coli <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1104.3113">https://arxiv.org/abs/1104.3113</a> <a href="https://phys.org/news/2014-04-bacterial-fm-radio.html">https://phys.org/news/2014-04-bacterial-fm-radio.html</a>   Cactus Radio <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I1shcxHWQas">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I1shcxHWQas</a>   Frequency Comb <a href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/19/9181">https://www.pnas.org/content/116/19/9181</a> <a href="https://www.laserfocusworld.com/lasers-sources/article/14035201/frequency-combs-trick-a-laser-into-producingreceiving-an-rf-signal">https://www.laserfocusworld.com/lasers-sources/article/14035201/frequency-combs-trick-a-laser-into-producingreceiving-an-rf-signal</a> [Fact Off]   Battle of the Beams <a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ww2peopleswar/stories/63/a3714563.shtml">https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ww2peopleswar/stories/63/a3714563.shtml</a> <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/1997/12/19/us/r-v-jones-science-trickster-who-foiled-nazis-dies-at-86.html">https://www.nytimes.com/1997/12/19/us/r-v-jones-science-trickster-who-foiled-nazis-dies-at-86.html</a> <a href="http://vc.airvectors.net/ttwiz_07.html">http://vc.airvectors.net/ttwiz_07.html</a> <a href="https://watermark.silverchair.com/39-4-4.38.pdf?token=AQECAHi208BE49Ooan9kkhW_Ercy7Dm3ZL_9Cf3qfKAc485ysgAAAmgwggJkBgkqhkiG9w0BBwagggJVMIICUQIBADCCAkoGCSqGSIb3DQEHATAeBglghkgBZQMEAS4wEQQM2Fmwr4fvmvBxc8dwAgEQgIICG5g0CNeRJTuOA2w-bURAVn1q3IGdArpe8jP5bsgrmhH1-5eKDh8XIipzwyqrApQtYmDCQVntxy54YLeiJFoj5EeY52aUBTypct6W0OLe2Y6cGrm2LffcSGFBHwoKHc-Y3D12yBnwN6vqyVu9tqzKN6tAox9AigixmyyxkytNHELBYbnoUIamAXh60bxTmPnUyKS2S3JEawO4c1tHFQeAKBpjQiSPEq3fgwK_JThVzg6PAeAhceziowKIij_d152_0_qGlb5G8yBvgWRiYJpZCrhcndJrNzBo8B-dGf4AP_FiCZ7mSNmiLnuqwZKnLFt96IjIGZhqLzUIN0vCYCqtz3aIR9Psal08XA2APXyoSAiGnp_4CWxRik7YUVKrlXH9PPjJeFPHGWt2Qb6Tphe8Kf899CwGy82wYXOKIGw_kpfOtbOnkQa6jymh_JYwK3WqT2SQVE2ENB9EH-DnfiOT3N1Ik157C-RG4Sx78f5IVN3v-Qr65uj4gmsbUwq8SX9jFYK54y_Sog_OPniyyRSJNgPJZPO0MkME6jOhX0Z8xkvxmuzLhI13X88gdNrUFhNJiHh7d6NF67TRlIDppFiRcrgMchycS-S-o35dLYPlILjosXVhGQJYNWSHWVO3fn4JwRzq67uR60esC_uFRA5Rfx8a8KKmJPMsCOfPlRckrCpftP-8w97ewul5LmLYoJBUw3pKv2ITQxwUTv4G">RV Jones Obituary</a>   W5LFL <a href="https://amsat-uk.org/2013/01/19/amateur-radio-on-bbc-between-the-ears-space-ham/#more-12135">https://amsat-uk.org/2013/01/19/amateur-radio-on-bbc-between-the-ears-space-ham/#more-12135</a> <a href="https://www.amsat.org/owen-k-garriott-w5lfl/">https://www.amsat.org/owen-k-garriott-w5lfl/</a> [Ask the Science Couch]   Analog radio <a href="https://public.wsu.edu/~bryan.mclaughlin/Radio/Who_Invented_Radio.html">https://public.wsu.edu/~bryan.mclaughlin/Radio/Who_Invented_Radio.html</a> <a href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/tryit/radio/radiorelayer.html">https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/tryit/radio/radiorelayer.html</a> <a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4suas5/eli5_why_is_the_sound_quality_of_am_radio_so_much/">https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4suas5/eli5_why_is_the_sound_quality_of_am_radio_so_much/</a>   Digital/HD radio <a href="https://www.fcc.gov/consumers/guides/digital-radio">https://www.fcc.gov/consumers/guides/digital-radio</a> <a href="https://electronics.howstuffworks.com/hd-radio.htm">https://electronics.howstuffworks.com/hd-radio.htm</a> <a href="https://hdradio.com/trademark/">https://hdradio.com/trademark/</a> <a href="https://www.cnet.com/news/digital-radio-all-you-need-to-know/">https://www.cnet.com/news/digital-radio-all-you-need-to-know/</a>   [Butt One More Thing]   Pigeon poop / cosmic microwave background <a href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/how-scientists-confirmed-big-bang-theory-owe-it-all-to-a-pigeon-trap-180949741/">https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/how-scientists-confirmed-big-bang-theory-owe-it-all-to-a-pigeon-trap-180949741/</a>

Humans have wielded the power of radio waves for more than a century, but what exactly are they and how do we use them to transmit information? It turns out, even geniuses like Hank and Ceri have a hard time explaining that!  Also, as our present to you, this is a longer-than-usual episode! Enjoy an extra 5 minutes of nonsense! Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!    If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links: [Truth or Fail] E. coli https://arxiv.org/abs/1104.3113 https://phys.org/news/2014-04-bacterial-fm-radio.html   Cactus Radio https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I1shcxHWQas   Frequency Comb https://www.pnas.org/content/116/19/9181 https://www.laserfocusworld.com/lasers-sources/article/14035201/frequency-combs-trick-a-laser-into-producingreceiving-an-rf-signal [Fact Off]   Battle of the Beams https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ww2peopleswar/stories/63/a3714563.shtml https://www.nytimes.com/1997/12/19/us/r-v-jones-science-trickster-who-foiled-nazis-dies-at-86.html http://vc.airvectors.net/ttwiz_07.html RV Jones Obituary   W5LFL https://amsat-uk.org/2013/01/19/amateur-radio-on-bbc-between-the-ears-space-ham/#more-12135 https://www.amsat.org/owen-k-garriott-w5lfl/ [Ask the Science Couch]   Analog radio https://public.wsu.edu/~bryan.mclaughlin/Radio/Who_Invented_Radio.html https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/tryit/radio/radiorelayer.html https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4suas5/eli5_why_is_the_sound_quality_of_am_radio_so_much/   Digital/HD radio https://www.fcc.gov/consumers/guides/digital-radio https://electronics.howstuffworks.com/hd-radio.htm https://hdradio.com/trademark/ https://www.cnet.com/news/digital-radio-all-you-need-to-know/   [Butt One More Thing]   Pigeon poop / cosmic microwave background https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/how-scientists-confirmed-big-bang-theory-owe-it-all-to-a-pigeon-trap-180949741/ 

59 - Radio

Jingle Bells, Frosty the Snowman, Let it Snow; the timeless sounds of the holiday. And to that pantheon of greats is added another track: this 30-minute-long, spoken-word science podcast!   Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!    If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:   [Truth or Fail]   Poinsettia monopoly <a href="https://www.npr.org/2017/12/22/573046507/how-poinsettias-became-synonymous-with-christmas">https://www.npr.org/2017/12/22/573046507/how-poinsettias-became-synonymous-with-christmas</a> <a href="http://www.mobileranger.com/blog/the-plant-of-christmas-the-poinsettia/">http://www.mobileranger.com/blog/the-plant-of-christmas-the-poinsettia/</a> <a href="https://www.actahort.org/books/226/226_34.htm">https://www.actahort.org/books/226/226_34.htm</a> <a href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2008-dec-23-me-poinsettia23-story.html">https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2008-dec-23-me-poinsettia23-story.html</a> <a href="https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/download/12136/PDF">https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/download/12136/PDF</a>   Vanilla flavor <a href="https://www.huffpost.com/entry/ice-cream-bananas_n_55f8d911e4b0d6492d638853">https://www.huffpost.com/entry/ice-cream-bananas_n_55f8d911e4b0d6492d638853</a> <a href="https://www.webmd.com/children/features/is-poinsettia-really-poisonous">https://www.webmd.com/children/features/is-poinsettia-really-poisonous</a>   Latex/rubber <a href="https://web.extension.illinois.edu/poinsettia/facts.cfm">https://web.extension.illinois.edu/poinsettia/facts.cfm</a> <a href="http://www.industrialrubbergoods.com/natural-rubber.html">http://www.industrialrubbergoods.com/natural-rubber.html</a> <a href="https://www.thespruce.com/facts-about-poinsettias-that-may-surprise-you-2132343">https://www.thespruce.com/facts-about-poinsettias-that-may-surprise-you-2132343</a>   [Fact Off]   Tinniculite  <a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134%2FS1075701517070078">https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134%2FS1075701517070078</a> <a href="https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/msa/ammin/article/102/2/466/264546/new-mineral-names">https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/msa/ammin/article/102/2/466/264546/new-mineral-names</a> <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/9/6/373/htm">https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/9/6/373/htm</a>    Pine needle recycling <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329280439_Fuels_and_Value-Added_Chemicals_from_Biomass">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329280439_Fuels_and_Value-Added_Chemicals_from_Biomass</a> <a href="https://theconversation.com/new-recycling-process-could-help-your-christmas-tree-lead-a-surprising-second-life-107984">https://theconversation.com/new-recycling-process-could-help-your-christmas-tree-lead-a-surprising-second-life-107984</a> <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876610217350713">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876610217350713</a>    [Ask the Science Couch]   Natural vs. artificial tree <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/26/business/energy-environment/fake-christmas-tree-vs-real-tree.html">https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/26/business/energy-environment/fake-christmas-tree-vs-real-tree.html</a> <a href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2018/12/14/real-vs-fake-heres-why-artificial-christmas-trees-rise/2314418002/">https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2018/12/14/real-vs-fake-heres-why-artificial-christmas-trees-rise/2314418002/</a> <a href="https://www.sfgate.com/realestate/article/Real-vs-Artificial-Christmas-Tree-Which-Is-More-14866084.php">https://www.sfgate.com/realestate/article/Real-vs-Artificial-Christmas-Tree-Which-Is-More-14866084.php</a> <a href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2018/12/14/real-vs-fake-heres-why-artificial-christmas-trees-rise/2314418002/">https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2018/12/14/real-vs-fake-heres-why-artificial-christmas-trees-rise/2314418002/</a>   [Butt One More Thing]   Mistletoe <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/special/metro/urban-jungle/pages/121218.html">https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/special/metro/urban-jungle/pages/121218.html</a> <a href="https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/culturing-science/mistletoe-natural-history/">https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/culturing-science/mistletoe-natural-history/</a> <a href="https://www.etymonline.com/word/mistletoe">https://www.etymonline.com/word/mistletoe</a> <a href="https://www.etymonline.com/word/missel?ref=etymonline_crossreference">https://www.etymonline.com/word/missel?ref=etymonline_crossreference</a>

Jingle Bells, Frosty the Snowman, Let it Snow; the timeless sounds of the holiday. And to that pantheon of greats is added another track: this 30-minute-long, spoken-word science podcast!   Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!    If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:   [Truth or Fail]   Poinsettia monopoly https://www.npr.org/2017/12/22/573046507/how-poinsettias-became-synonymous-with-christmas http://www.mobileranger.com/blog/the-plant-of-christmas-the-poinsettia/ https://www.actahort.org/books/226/226_34.htm https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2008-dec-23-me-poinsettia23-story.html https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/download/12136/PDF   Vanilla flavor https://www.huffpost.com/entry/ice-cream-bananas_n_55f8d911e4b0d6492d638853 https://www.webmd.com/children/features/is-poinsettia-really-poisonous   Latex/rubber https://web.extension.illinois.edu/poinsettia/facts.cfm http://www.industrialrubbergoods.com/natural-rubber.html https://www.thespruce.com/facts-about-poinsettias-that-may-surprise-you-2132343   [Fact Off]   Tinniculite  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134%2FS1075701517070078 https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/msa/ammin/article/102/2/466/264546/new-mineral-names https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/9/6/373/htm    Pine needle recycling https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329280439_Fuels_and_Value-Added_Chemicals_from_Biomass https://theconversation.com/new-recycling-process-could-help-your-christmas-tree-lead-a-surprising-second-life-107984 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876610217350713    [Ask the Science Couch]   Natural vs. artificial tree https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/26/business/energy-environment/fake-christmas-tree-vs-real-tree.html https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2018/12/14/real-vs-fake-heres-why-artificial-christmas-trees-rise/2314418002/ https://www.sfgate.com/realestate/article/Real-vs-Artificial-Christmas-Tree-Which-Is-More-14866084.php https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2018/12/14/real-vs-fake-heres-why-artificial-christmas-trees-rise/2314418002/   [Butt One More Thing]   Mistletoe https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/special/metro/urban-jungle/pages/121218.html https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/culturing-science/mistletoe-natural-history/ https://www.etymonline.com/word/mistletoe https://www.etymonline.com/word/missel?ref=etymonline_crossreference  

58 - Festive Ecology

From ancient clay pots to the heat-proof panels on the space shuttle, ceramics have been an integral part of human technology from the very beginning. I can’t even think of any jokes about ceramic! It’s just cool!   More importantly! Over the last week or so, Hank has absolutely ruined everyones’ Twitter timelines with one simple question: “is butt legs?” In this episode, you get to bear ear-witness to the genesis of this wretched, society-shattering question! #buttislegs   Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!    If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:   [Truth or Fail]   Non-deflatable football <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deflategate">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deflategate</a> <a href="http://www.madehow.com/Volume-1/Air-Bag.html">http://www.madehow.com/Volume-1/Air-Bag.html</a>   Strong water <a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Aluminum-oxide#section=Mechanism-of-Action">https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Aluminum-oxide#section=Mechanism-of-Action</a> <a href="http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.470.4214&amp;rep=rep1&amp;type=pdf">http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.470.4214&amp;rep=rep1&amp;type=pdf</a>   Pajamas <a href="https://www.underarmour.com/en-us/tb12">https://www.underarmour.com/en-us/tb12</a> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3699878/">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3699878/</a> <a href="https://www.espn.com/espnw/life-style/story/_/id/23315114/we-tried-do-tom-brady-recovery-pajamas-live-their-name">https://www.espn.com/espnw/life-style/story/_/id/23315114/we-tried-do-tom-brady-recovery-pajamas-live-their-name</a>   [Fact Off]   Moon art <a href="https://www.moma.org/collection/works/62272">https://www.moma.org/collection/works/62272</a> <a href="https://www.pbs.org/opb/historydetectives/investigation/moon-museum/">https://www.pbs.org/opb/historydetectives/investigation/moon-museum/</a> <a href="https://garage.vice.com/en_us/article/zmabk4/moon-museum">https://garage.vice.com/en_us/article/zmabk4/moon-museum</a>   Magnetic field <a href="https://www.livescience.com/57868-earth-magnetic-field-spike-ancient-times.html">https://www.livescience.com/57868-earth-magnetic-field-spike-ancient-times.html</a> <a href="https://www.space.com/43173-earth-magnetic-field-flips-when.html">https://www.space.com/43173-earth-magnetic-field-flips-when.html</a> <a href="https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/02/14/515032512/iron-age-potters-carefully-recorded-earths-magnetic-field-by-accident">https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/02/14/515032512/iron-age-potters-carefully-recorded-earths-magnetic-field-by-accident</a> <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/tech/annals-of-technology/earths-mysterious-magnetic-field-stored-in-a-jar?verso=true">https://www.newyorker.com/tech/annals-of-technology/earths-mysterious-magnetic-field-stored-in-a-jar?verso=true</a>   [Ask the Science Couch]   Glazes <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/feature/the-chemistry-of-pottery/2020245.article">https://edu.rsc.org/feature/the-chemistry-of-pottery/2020245.article</a> <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/materials-science/glaze">https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/materials-science/glaze</a>   Specific materials (tin, salt, etc.)  <a href="https://www.thesprucecrafts.com/ceramic-and-glaze-fluxes-2745860">https://www.thesprucecrafts.com/ceramic-and-glaze-fluxes-2745860</a> <a href="https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1560&amp;context=open_access_etds">https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1560&amp;context=open_access_etds</a> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/art/tin-glazed-earthenware">https://www.britannica.com/art/tin-glazed-earthenware</a>   [Butt One More Thing]   Ceramic butt wiping <a href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/toilet-tissue-anthropologists-uncover-all-the-ways-weve-wiped/">https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/toilet-tissue-anthropologists-uncover-all-the-ways-weve-wiped/</a> <a href="https://www.bmj.com/content/345/bmj.e8287.full">https://www.bmj.com/content/345/bmj.e8287.full</a>

From ancient clay pots to the heat-proof panels on the space shuttle, ceramics have been an integral part of human technology from the very beginning. I can’t even think of any jokes about ceramic! It’s just cool!   More importantly! Over the last week or so, Hank has absolutely ruined everyones’ Twitter timelines with one simple question: “is butt legs?” In this episode, you get to bear ear-witness to the genesis of this wretched, society-shattering question! #buttislegs   Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!    If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:   [Truth or Fail]   Non-deflatable football https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deflategate http://www.madehow.com/Volume-1/Air-Bag.html   Strong water https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Aluminum-oxide#section=Mechanism-of-Action http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.470.4214&amp;rep=rep1&amp;type=pdf   Pajamas https://www.underarmour.com/en-us/tb12 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3699878/ https://www.espn.com/espnw/life-style/story/_/id/23315114/we-tried-do-tom-brady-recovery-pajamas-live-their-name   [Fact Off]   Moon art https://www.moma.org/collection/works/62272 https://www.pbs.org/opb/historydetectives/investigation/moon-museum/ https://garage.vice.com/en_us/article/zmabk4/moon-museum   Magnetic field https://www.livescience.com/57868-earth-magnetic-field-spike-ancient-times.html https://www.space.com/43173-earth-magnetic-field-flips-when.html https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/02/14/515032512/iron-age-potters-carefully-recorded-earths-magnetic-field-by-accident https://www.newyorker.com/tech/annals-of-technology/earths-mysterious-magnetic-field-stored-in-a-jar?verso=true   [Ask the Science Couch]   Glazes https://edu.rsc.org/feature/the-chemistry-of-pottery/2020245.article https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/materials-science/glaze   Specific materials (tin, salt, etc.)  https://www.thesprucecrafts.com/ceramic-and-glaze-fluxes-2745860 https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1560&amp;context=open_access_etds https://www.britannica.com/art/tin-glazed-earthenware   [Butt One More Thing]   Ceramic butt wiping https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/toilet-tissue-anthropologists-uncover-all-the-ways-weve-wiped/ https://www.bmj.com/content/345/bmj.e8287.full 

57 - Ceramics

Introducing the lightly competitive knowledge showcase from the geniuses behind the YouTube series SciShow. Every Tuesday, join Hank Green, Ceri Riley, Stefan Chin, and Sam Schulz as they try to one-up and amaze each other with weird and funny scientific research... while not getting distracted. There will be tangents about video games, music, weird smells, surprisingly deep insights about life, and of course, poop, but it always comes back to the science. WNYC Studios is a listener-supported producer of other leading podcasts including On the Media, Snap Judgment, Death, Sex & Money, Nancy and Here’s the Thing with Alec Baldwin. © WNYC Studios

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SciShow Tangents

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