Preterm infants regularly need Packed red blood cell transfusions. This life-saving therapy&nbsp;can help prevent anaemia of prematurity and in turn, safeguard normal organ function.&nbsp;However, there is a risk that donor blood contains the heavy metals mercury (Hg), lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) which are known developmental neurotoxicants and may be present in neurotoxic doses.&nbsp;In this episode we meet&nbsp;Alison Falck, Assistant Professor of Pediatrics at the University of Maryland School of Medicine who has studied&nbsp;the relationship between the donor concentration, number of transfusions and exposure in preterm infants.&nbsp;Her results may have implications for prescreening of donor blood. For information regarding your data privacy, visit <a href="https://www.acast.com/privacy">acast.com/privacy</a>

Preterm infants regularly need Packed red blood cell transfusions. This life-saving therapy&nbsp;can help prevent anaemia of prematurity and in turn, safeguard normal organ function.&nbsp;However, there is a risk that donor blood contains the heavy metals mercury (Hg), lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) which are known developmental neurotoxicants and may be present in neurotoxic doses.&nbsp;In this episode we meet&nbsp;Alison Falck, Assistant Professor of Pediatrics at the University of Maryland School of Medicine who has studied&nbsp;the relationship between the donor concentration, number of transfusions and exposure in preterm infants.&nbsp;Her results may have implications for prescreening of donor blood. For information regarding your data privacy, visit acast.com/privacy

Pediatric Research Podcast

Fetal exposure to mercury and lead from intrauterine blood transfusions

Medical Simulation is a powerful model for pediatric education. This type of experiential training is used to teach various skills including stressful medical tasks like resuscitation, without putting patients at risk. In order to better understand the behavior of healthcare providers during these situations, researchers have started to use eye-tracking technology. In this episode, we meet Early Career Investigator, Michael Wagner from the Medical University of Vienna, who during a fellowship at the Yale University, carried out a simulation-based study using eye-tracking glasses to explore the gaze behavior and subjective experience of care-givers during a neonatal resuscitation to assess the usability of this technology for training. For information regarding your data privacy, visit <a href="https://www.acast.com/privacy">acast.com/privacy</a>

Medical Simulation is a powerful model for pediatric education. This type of experiential training is used to teach various skills including stressful medical tasks like resuscitation, without putting patients at risk. In order to better understand the behavior of healthcare providers during these situations, researchers have started to use eye-tracking technology. In this episode, we meet Early Career Investigator, Michael Wagner from the Medical University of Vienna, who during a fellowship at the Yale University, carried out a simulation-based study using eye-tracking glasses to explore the gaze behavior and subjective experience of care-givers during a neonatal resuscitation to assess the usability of this technology for training. For information regarding your data privacy, visit acast.com/privacy

Eye-tracking during simulation-based neonatal airway management

Clinical studies have shown that newborns can experience up to 14 painful procedures each day of admission at the neonatal intensive care unit.&nbsp;There is&nbsp;evidence&nbsp;that&nbsp;these early experiences can cause changes to the developing nervous system affecting, amongst other things, nociception in adulthood. Preterm infants are at particular risk from repeated noxious procedures owing to the extensive developmental and functional changes taking place in the CNS at that time.&nbsp;In this episode, we meet Dr&nbsp;Nynke&nbsp;van den Hoogen,&nbsp;who&nbsp;during her time at Maastricht&nbsp;University, used an animal model&nbsp;to assess whether the number of neonatal noxious events has an affect on&nbsp;acute and long-term mechanical sensitivity. For information regarding your data privacy, visit <a href="https://www.acast.com/privacy">acast.com/privacy</a>

Clinical studies have shown that newborns can experience up to 14 painful procedures each day of admission at the neonatal intensive care unit.&nbsp;There is&nbsp;evidence&nbsp;that&nbsp;these early experiences can cause changes to the developing nervous system affecting, amongst other things, nociception in adulthood. Preterm infants are at particular risk from repeated noxious procedures owing to the extensive developmental and functional changes taking place in the CNS at that time.&nbsp;In this episode, we meet Dr&nbsp;Nynke&nbsp;van den Hoogen,&nbsp;who&nbsp;during her time at Maastricht&nbsp;University, used an animal model&nbsp;to assess whether the number of neonatal noxious events has an affect on&nbsp;acute and long-term mechanical sensitivity. For information regarding your data privacy, visit acast.com/privacy

Repetitive noxious stimuli during early development affect acute and long-term mechanical sensitivity in rats

Cumulative exposure to psychosocial adversity in the early years of life can have an adverse effect on early child development (ECD).&nbsp; Focus on ECD is growing globally, yet to date, the bulk of research on adverse psychosocial experiences and child development has taken place in high-income, Western countries, despite a large burden in developing countries. This month, we meet Early Career Investigator Dr. Annie Berens, a pediatric resident at the University of California San Francisco. She created the Childhood Psychosocial Adversity Scale, a novel measure of cumulative risk which has had its first application in Bangladesh.&nbsp; For information regarding your data privacy, visit <a href="https://www.acast.com/privacy">acast.com/privacy</a>

Cumulative exposure to psychosocial adversity in the early years of life can have an adverse effect on early child development (ECD).&nbsp; Focus on ECD is growing globally, yet to date, the bulk of research on adverse psychosocial experiences and child development has taken place in high-income, Western countries, despite a large burden in developing countries. This month, we meet Early Career Investigator Dr. Annie Berens, a pediatric resident at the University of California San Francisco. She created the Childhood Psychosocial Adversity Scale, a novel measure of cumulative risk which has had its first application in Bangladesh.&nbsp; For information regarding your data privacy, visit acast.com/privacy

Cumulative psychosocial risk and early child development: Using the Childhood Psychosocial Adversity Scale

A number of clinical variables are used to predict the likelihood of childhood epilepsy, however, additional predictors are needed to improve patient stratification for those at the highest risk of recurrent seizures. In this episode, we meet Adam Numis from the University of California San Francisco, who set out to assess the utility of circulating cytokines as a predictor of childhood epilepsy. He performed a longitudinal study of newborns at risk of neonatal encephalopathy, revealing an association between circulating levels of particular inflammatory cytokines and the later development of epilepsy.<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/prpodcast/podcast/current/~4/uHpZ0C4cf1g" height="1" width="1" alt=""/> For information regarding your data privacy, visit <a href="https://www.acast.com/privacy">acast.com/privacy</a>

A number of clinical variables are used to predict the likelihood of childhood epilepsy, however, additional predictors are needed to improve patient stratification for those at the highest risk of recurrent seizures. In this episode, we meet Adam Numis from the University of California San Francisco, who set out to assess the utility of circulating cytokines as a predictor of childhood epilepsy. He performed a longitudinal study of newborns at risk of neonatal encephalopathy, revealing an association between circulating levels of particular inflammatory cytokines and the later development of epilepsy. For information regarding your data privacy, visit acast.com/privacy

Circulating cytokines as a predictor of childhood epilepsy.

Neonatal encephalopathy (NE) is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality and affects around 1.5/1000 live term births. Predicting the severity and outcome of neonates with NE is therefore vital in order to provide the best care for neonates with NE, and a biochemical marker obtained at birth would therefore be useful to bolster the current scoring system. In this episode, Geoff Marsh speaks to Early Career Investigator Dr. Imran Nazir Mir, from the University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center. He's just published a paper testing the utility of two potential candidate proteins for determining the presence and severity of hypoxic NE, and to understand where these molecules are synthesized and cleared.<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/prpodcast/podcast/current/~4/8tiY_hJLTQc" height="1" width="1" alt=""/> For information regarding your data privacy, visit <a href="https://www.acast.com/privacy">acast.com/privacy</a>

Neonatal encephalopathy (NE) is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality and affects around 1.5/1000 live term births. Predicting the severity and outcome of neonates with NE is therefore vital in order to provide the best care for neonates with NE, and a biochemical marker obtained at birth would therefore be useful to bolster the current scoring system. In this episode, Geoff Marsh speaks to Early Career Investigator Dr. Imran Nazir Mir, from the University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center. He's just published a paper testing the utility of two potential candidate proteins for determining the presence and severity of hypoxic NE, and to understand where these molecules are synthesized and cleared. For information regarding your data privacy, visit acast.com/privacy

Placental clearance/synthesis of neurobiomarkers GFAP and UCH-L1 in healthy term neonates and those with moderate-severe neonatal encephalopathy

For term-born infants, low birth weight has been shown to correlate with a broad array of adverse cardiometabolic outcomes, and excess glucocorticoid exposure has been linked to these relationships. Also, intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR) in term-born infants has been linked to subsequent increases in adrenal androgen activity. In this episode, we meet Kristi Watterberg, a professor of Pediatrics at the University of New Mexico who evaluated the relationship between preterm birth to salivary cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) at age 6, and assessed the relationship of cortisol and DHEA with blood pressure and measures of adiposity. The results suggest interventions to improve the cardiometabolic outcomes of infants born extremely preterm.<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/prpodcast/podcast/current/~4/-2WHC6gfh1M" height="1" width="1" alt=""/> For information regarding your data privacy, visit <a href="https://www.acast.com/privacy">acast.com/privacy</a>

For term-born infants, low birth weight has been shown to correlate with a broad array of adverse cardiometabolic outcomes, and excess glucocorticoid exposure has been linked to these relationships. Also, intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR) in term-born infants has been linked to subsequent increases in adrenal androgen activity. In this episode, we meet Kristi Watterberg, a professor of Pediatrics at the University of New Mexico who evaluated the relationship between preterm birth to salivary cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) at age 6, and assessed the relationship of cortisol and DHEA with blood pressure and measures of adiposity. The results suggest interventions to improve the cardiometabolic outcomes of infants born extremely preterm. For information regarding your data privacy, visit acast.com/privacy

Adrenal function links to early postnatal growth and blood pressure at age 6 in children born extremely preterm

Over-the-counter (OTC) medications are used in an estimated 70% of pregnancies. Acetaminophen, also known as paracetamol is found in a large number of OTC and prescription drugs. Given its prevalence and its ability to freely cross the placenta, researchers are now focusing on the safety of maternal exposure to this drug and its effects on fetal health. There have been inconsistent results in both human and animal studies on the short and long-term effects of acetaminophen use during pregnancy. In this episode, we meet Early Career Investigator, Melissa Smarr, an assistant professor at the Emory University School of Public Health as she describes her study into the effects of prenatal acetaminophen use on fetal growth.<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/prpodcast/podcast/current/~4/rTmXIZ_cafY" height="1" width="1" alt=""/> For information regarding your data privacy, visit <a href="https://www.acast.com/privacy">acast.com/privacy</a>

Over-the-counter (OTC) medications are used in an estimated 70% of pregnancies. Acetaminophen, also known as paracetamol is found in a large number of OTC and prescription drugs. Given its prevalence and its ability to freely cross the placenta, researchers are now focusing on the safety of maternal exposure to this drug and its effects on fetal health. There have been inconsistent results in both human and animal studies on the short and long-term effects of acetaminophen use during pregnancy. In this episode, we meet Early Career Investigator, Melissa Smarr, an assistant professor at the Emory University School of Public Health as she describes her study into the effects of prenatal acetaminophen use on fetal growth. For information regarding your data privacy, visit acast.com/privacy

Comparison of fetal growth by maternal prenatal acetaminophen use

Almost 10% of newborn infants develop significant hyperbilirubinemia, and many require phototherapy treatment. This is costly and can increase the likelihood of patients developing allergic diseases. However the costs of not treating neonatal jaundice can be more severe as it can cause lifelong disability. Precise patient monitoring and deliberate treatment assignment are therefore essential for at-risk neonates. In this episode, we meet Sven Wellman, then of the University of Basel's Children Hospital in Switzerland. He and his team developed an online tool that uses machine learning methods to accurately predict neonates at risk of developing clinically relevant hyperbilirubinemia.<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/prpodcast/podcast/current/~4/z_KweKowTjY" height="1" width="1" alt=""/> For information regarding your data privacy, visit <a href="https://www.acast.com/privacy">acast.com/privacy</a>

Almost 10% of newborn infants develop significant hyperbilirubinemia, and many require phototherapy treatment. This is costly and can increase the likelihood of patients developing allergic diseases. However the costs of not treating neonatal jaundice can be more severe as it can cause lifelong disability. Precise patient monitoring and deliberate treatment assignment are therefore essential for at-risk neonates. In this episode, we meet Sven Wellman, then of the University of Basel's Children Hospital in Switzerland. He and his team developed an online tool that uses machine learning methods to accurately predict neonates at risk of developing clinically relevant hyperbilirubinemia. For information regarding your data privacy, visit acast.com/privacy

Enhanced early prediction of clinically relevant neonatal hyperbilirubinemia with machine learning

Placental dysfunction is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Yet, despite its central importance, there is a lack of tools to assess in vivo placental health. Ex vivo evaluation of placentas has shown there to be micro-architectural changes with fetal growth restriction (FGR), but currently there are no tools to assess this before birth. In this episode, we speak with this month's Early Career Investigator- Prof. Nickie Andescavage from George Washington University, who recently performed an advanced textural and morphometric of Magnetic Resonance images of the in vivo placenta in healthy and high-risk pregnancies.<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/prpodcast/podcast/current/~4/-KG8VYE671w" height="1" width="1" alt=""/> For information regarding your data privacy, visit <a href="https://www.acast.com/privacy">acast.com/privacy</a>

Placental dysfunction is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Yet, despite its central importance, there is a lack of tools to assess in vivo placental health. Ex vivo evaluation of placentas has shown there to be micro-architectural changes with fetal growth restriction (FGR), but currently there are no tools to assess this before birth. In this episode, we speak with this month's Early Career Investigator- Prof. Nickie Andescavage from George Washington University, who recently performed an advanced textural and morphometric of Magnetic Resonance images of the in vivo placenta in healthy and high-risk pregnancies. For information regarding your data privacy, visit acast.com/privacy

In vivo textural and morphometric analysis of placental development in healthy & growth-restricted pregnancies using magnetic resonance imaging

In 2015, Brazil experienced an unprecedented epidemic of zika virus infection. Concurrently, there was an increased incidence of children born with primary congenital microcephaly. Researchers quickly suspected a link between the zika virus infection in pregnant women and congenital microcephaly due to the so-called congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). With the impending threat of a second outbreak, Marcio Leyser from the University of Iowa proposes a multilevel-based research framework for CZS, based on the multifaceted aspects of the disease.<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/prpodcast/podcast/current/~4/08pBadl39Bk" height="1" width="1" alt=""/> For information regarding your data privacy, visit <a href="https://www.acast.com/privacy">acast.com/privacy</a>

In 2015, Brazil experienced an unprecedented epidemic of zika virus infection. Concurrently, there was an increased incidence of children born with primary congenital microcephaly. Researchers quickly suspected a link between the zika virus infection in pregnant women and congenital microcephaly due to the so-called congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). With the impending threat of a second outbreak, Marcio Leyser from the University of Iowa proposes a multilevel-based research framework for CZS, based on the multifaceted aspects of the disease. For information regarding your data privacy, visit acast.com/privacy

A multilevel-based research framework on congenital Zika syndrome

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) is a form of Chronic lung disease and results from extreme pre-term birth. Systemic corticosteroid therapy is used postnatally to reduce the severity of BPD, however there is a large range in the phenotypic response to this treatment. In this episode, we speak to Tamorah Lewis, a neonatologist at Children's Mercy Hospital in Kansas City, who aimed to identify pharmacogenetic variants associated with the clinical response to systemic corticosteroid treatment.<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/prpodcast/podcast/current/~4/1-t6XbZSdv4" height="1" width="1" alt=""/> For information regarding your data privacy, visit <a href="https://www.acast.com/privacy">acast.com/privacy</a>

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) is a form of Chronic lung disease and results from extreme pre-term birth. Systemic corticosteroid therapy is used postnatally to reduce the severity of BPD, however there is a large range in the phenotypic response to this treatment. In this episode, we speak to Tamorah Lewis, a neonatologist at Children's Mercy Hospital in Kansas City, who aimed to identify pharmacogenetic variants associated with the clinical response to systemic corticosteroid treatment. For information regarding your data privacy, visit acast.com/privacy

Genetic variation in CRHR1 is associated with short-term respiratory response to corticosteroids in preterm infants at risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Metabolic syndrome has been a growing problem in recent decades in both adult and pediatric populations. Time-restricted feeding (TRF), has been shown to attenuate metabolic disorders and obesity in adults. It is thought to be superior to surgical interventions and other dietary patterns as it is non-invasive, and does not lead to unbearable hunger. However, there is a lack of data on its effects in pediatric populations. n this episode, we meet Dr. Dandan Hu, who during her time at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, carried out an experiment using a paediatric mouse model to assess the effects of TRM on their metabolism and microbiota. The results were unexpected.<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/prpodcast/podcast/current/~4/ESZyLIswQMg" height="1" width="1" alt=""/> For information regarding your data privacy, visit <a href="https://www.acast.com/privacy">acast.com/privacy</a>

Metabolic syndrome has been a growing problem in recent decades in both adult and pediatric populations. Time-restricted feeding (TRF), has been shown to attenuate metabolic disorders and obesity in adults. It is thought to be superior to surgical interventions and other dietary patterns as it is non-invasive, and does not lead to unbearable hunger. However, there is a lack of data on its effects in pediatric populations. n this episode, we meet Dr. Dandan Hu, who during her time at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, carried out an experiment using a paediatric mouse model to assess the effects of TRM on their metabolism and microbiota. The results were unexpected. For information regarding your data privacy, visit acast.com/privacy

Time-restricted feeding causes irreversible metabolic disorders and gut microbiota shift in pediatric mice

Pediatric asthma is a chronic, heterogeneous disease that can be triggered by environmental exposures, leading to urgent medical visits. Numerous studies have demonstrated increases in emergency department visits and hospitalizations in association with increasing concentrations of outdoor ambient pollutants. Social and environmental stressors have also been shown to be associated with a stronger relationship between environmental pollutants and asthma development and symptoms.In this study, Dr Lovinski-Desir from Columbia University Medical Center and her team aimed to determine if the relationship between ambient pollutants and urgent visits for asthma varied between New York City neighborhoods with high versus low asthma prevalence.<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/prpodcast/podcast/current/~4/EjFr4kBaxCs" height="1" width="1" alt=""/> For information regarding your data privacy, visit <a href="https://www.acast.com/privacy">acast.com/privacy</a>

Pediatric asthma is a chronic, heterogeneous disease that can be triggered by environmental exposures, leading to urgent medical visits. Numerous studies have demonstrated increases in emergency department visits and hospitalizations in association with increasing concentrations of outdoor ambient pollutants. Social and environmental stressors have also been shown to be associated with a stronger relationship between environmental pollutants and asthma development and symptoms.In this study, Dr Lovinski-Desir from Columbia University Medical Center and her team aimed to determine if the relationship between ambient pollutants and urgent visits for asthma varied between New York City neighborhoods with high versus low asthma prevalence. For information regarding your data privacy, visit acast.com/privacy

Ambient pollutants and urgent visits for asthma: A Study in New York City neighborhoods

Metabolomics has the potential to identify specific targets for primary prevention of metabolic disease. Studies in adults have shown that lean vs obese people show distinct differences in their metabolite composition, sometimes preceding the development of established risk factors associated with metabolic disease. The literature in paediatric populations, however is scant. In this episode, we speak to Prof. Wei Perng, who during her time at the University of Michigan School of Public Health, examined the associations between metabolite composition and metabolic risk across adolescence.<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/prpodcast/podcast/current/~4/rIQjvtxLR9s" height="1" width="1" alt=""/> For information regarding your data privacy, visit <a href="https://www.acast.com/privacy">acast.com/privacy</a>

Metabolomics has the potential to identify specific targets for primary prevention of metabolic disease. Studies in adults have shown that lean vs obese people show distinct differences in their metabolite composition, sometimes preceding the development of established risk factors associated with metabolic disease. The literature in paediatric populations, however is scant. In this episode, we speak to Prof. Wei Perng, who during her time at the University of Michigan School of Public Health, examined the associations between metabolite composition and metabolic risk across adolescence. For information regarding your data privacy, visit acast.com/privacy

Association between metabolite composition and metabolic risk across adolescence

Pediapod is the pediatrics podcast from Pediatric Research, produced in association with Nature Publishing Group. Join us as we explore the etiologies of diseases of children and disorders of development, featuring interviews with top researchers and highlighted content from one of the premier journals in the field of pediatrics.

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Pediatric Research Podcast

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