In 1967, an unlikely surgeon performs the first human heart transplant – and shocks the world. As others race to replicate his achievement, one surgical team makes a mistake that could spell the end of organ transplants in the United States. Support our sponsors! Policy Genius - In just a few minutes you can find your best price and apply at <a href="http://Policygenius.com" target="_blank">Policygenius.com</a>.Peloton - Learn more about Peloton’s 30-Day Home Trial at <a href="http://onepeloton.com" target="_blank">onepeloton.com</a>.SimpliSafe - Go to <a href="http://SimpliSafe.com/INNOVATIONS " target="_blank">SimpliSafe.com/INNOVATIONS </a>and you’ll get FREE shipping and a 60-day risk free trial.

In 1967, an unlikely surgeon performs the first human heart transplant – and shocks the world. As others race to replicate his achievement, one surgical team makes a mistake that could spell the end of organ transplants in the United States.Support our sponsors! Policy Genius - In just a few minutes you can find your best price and apply at Policygenius.com.Peloton - Learn more about Peloton’s 30-Day Home Trial at onepeloton.com.SimpliSafe - Go to SimpliSafe.com/INNOVATIONS and you’ll get FREE shipping and a 60-day risk free trial. 

American Innovations

Organ Transplant: The Heart Race | 3

Hey American Innovations listeners!&nbsp; You might be wondering what happened to some of our older seasons. We’ve moved them to our new premium service, Wondery+, where you can listen ad-free and get access to more Wondery shows. For a limited time, we’re offering listeners of American Innovations a free week of Wondery+. Just go to <a href="http://wonderyplus.com/AI" target="_blank">wonderyplus.com/AI</a>.

Hey American Innovations listeners!&nbsp; You might be wondering what happened to some of our older seasons. We’ve moved them to our new premium service, Wondery+, where you can listen ad-free and get access to more Wondery shows. For a limited time, we’re offering listeners of American Innovations a free week of Wondery+. Just go to wonderyplus.com/AI.

Where Are Past Seasons? | 1

By the early 1960s, surgeons have proven that it's possible to transplant kidneys and lungs. Now, with heart disease still the leading cause of death, they've set their sights on performing the first human heart transplant. But first, they've got to overcome the ethical, legal, and surgical challenges of removing a donor's heart before it stops beating for good.

By the early 1960s, surgeons have proven that it's possible to transplant kidneys and lungs. Now, with heart disease still the leading cause of death, they've set their sights on performing the first human heart transplant. But first, they've got to overcome the ethical, legal, and surgical challenges of removing a donor's heart before it stops beating for good.

Organ Transplant: A Matter of Life and Death | 2

A century ago, organ transplants were the stuff of science fiction. But a handful of experimental surgeons believed that transplants were not just possible – they had the potential to save thousands of lives. Then, in 1954, a man agreed to donate his kidney to his twin brother – and one surgeon finally got his chance to prove the doubters wrong.Support us by supporting our sponsors!Wealthfront - Sign up for the Wealthfront Cash Account in less than 5 minutes by visiting <a href="http://wealthfront.com/AI" target="_blank">wealthfront.com/AI</a>.ZipRecruiter - To try ZipRecruiter for FREE, go to <a href="http://ZipRecruiter.com/AI" target="_blank">ZipRecruiter.com/AI</a>.

A century ago, organ transplants were the stuff of science fiction. But a handful of experimental surgeons believed that transplants were not just possible – they had the potential to save thousands of lives. Then, in 1954, a man agreed to donate his kidney to his twin brother – and one surgeon finally got his chance to prove the doubters wrong.Support us by supporting our sponsors!Wealthfront - Sign up for the Wealthfront Cash Account in less than 5 minutes by visiting wealthfront.com/AI.ZipRecruiter - To try ZipRecruiter for FREE, go to ZipRecruiter.com/AI. 

Organ Transplant: The Kidney Twins | 1

A new podcast about politics, about policy, and the power that both have in shaping the lives of the American people. Into America is hosted by Pulitzer Prize-winning reporter, Trymaine Lee, and features the journalists of NBC News.For the first episode, Trymaine heads to East New York, a community that experienced more stops than any other part of New York City under Former Mayor Bloomberg’s stop and frisk policy. In order to have a real shot at the Democratic nomination, Bloomberg needs the support of Black voters. Days before announcing his candidacy, Bloomberg apologized for the policing tactic. But will his past decision to champion the use of stop and frisk hurt his chances?&nbsp;Subscribe to Into America now:&nbsp;<a href="http://wondery.fm/intoamerica" target="_blank">http://wondery.fm/intoamerica</a>

A new podcast about politics, about policy, and the power that both have in shaping the lives of the American people. Into America is hosted by Pulitzer Prize-winning reporter, Trymaine Lee, and features the journalists of NBC News.For the first episode, Trymaine heads to East New York, a community that experienced more stops than any other part of New York City under Former Mayor Bloomberg’s stop and frisk policy. In order to have a real shot at the Democratic nomination, Bloomberg needs the support of Black voters. Days before announcing his candidacy, Bloomberg apologized for the policing tactic. But will his past decision to champion the use of stop and frisk hurt his chances?&nbsp;Subscribe to Into America now:&nbsp;http://wondery.fm/intoamerica

NBC News presents Into America

Within 10 years of Valium’s introduction, people are starting to realize it’s not quite as harmless as they had been led to believe. Patients are building up a tolerance to it, taking stronger and stronger dosages, and experiencing withdrawal symptoms when they quit. Women, who have been prescribed Valium at twice the rates men have, spearhead the fight to increase regulation.When former First Lady Betty Ford announces her own addiction to Valium, the public outcry against the drug finally causes the government to act. They hold days of hearings and tighten up the rules around prescribing the medication, but more importantly, Valium’s reputation is severely damaged.But decades later, doctors start to wonder if the backlash went too far…. Support us by supporting our sponsors!Policy Genius - To compare life insurance policies, visit <a href="http://policygenius.com" target="_blank">policygenius.com</a> and see how much you could save.Peloton - Learn more about&nbsp;Peloton’s 30-Day Home Trial at&nbsp;<a href="http://onepeloton.com" target="_blank">onepeloton.com</a>. You’ll also&nbsp;get $100 off accessories with the purchase of the Peloton Bike&nbsp;if you use promo code&nbsp;INNOVATIONS.SimpliSafe - Visit&nbsp;<a href="http://SimpliSafe.com/INNOVATIONS" target="_blank">SimpliSafe.com/INNOVATIONS</a>. You’ll get FREE shipping and a 60-day risk free trial.

Within 10 years of Valium’s introduction, people are starting to realize it’s not quite as harmless as they had been led to believe. Patients are building up a tolerance to it, taking stronger and stronger dosages, and experiencing withdrawal symptoms when they quit. Women, who have been prescribed Valium at twice the rates men have, spearhead the fight to increase regulation.When former First Lady Betty Ford announces her own addiction to Valium, the public outcry against the drug finally causes the government to act. They hold days of hearings and tighten up the rules around prescribing the medication, but more importantly, Valium’s reputation is severely damaged.But decades later, doctors start to wonder if the backlash went too far….Support us by supporting our sponsors!Policy Genius - To compare life insurance policies, visit policygenius.com and see how much you could save.Peloton - Learn more about&nbsp;Peloton’s 30-Day Home Trial at&nbsp;onepeloton.com. You’ll also&nbsp;get $100 off accessories with the purchase of the Peloton Bike&nbsp;if you use promo code&nbsp;INNOVATIONS.SimpliSafe - Visit&nbsp;SimpliSafe.com/INNOVATIONS. You’ll get FREE shipping and a 60-day risk free trial.

Valium: Mother’s Little Helper | 3

With Miltown sweeping the nation, pharmaceutical companies around the country want in on the action and vie to create their own versions. At Hoffman La Roche, a brilliant scientist by the name of Leo Sternbach leads the charge.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;While Roche executives want him to create a copycat drug, Sternbach has bigger ambitions: he wants to invent an entirely new class of tranquilizer. After Roche loses faith in his vision, Sternbach continues his work in secret – and lays the foundation for Valium, soon to become the most commonly prescribed drug in the United States. Support us by supporting our sponsors:Audible - Start your 30 day trial at <a href="http://audible.com/AI" target="_blank">audible.com/AI</a>.Zip Recruiter - Try Zip Recruiter for FREE at <a href="http://ziprecruiter.com/AI" target="_blank">ziprecruiter.com/AI</a>.

With Miltown sweeping the nation, pharmaceutical companies around the country want in on the action and vie to create their own versions. At Hoffman La Roche, a brilliant scientist by the name of Leo Sternbach leads the charge.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;While Roche executives want him to create a copycat drug, Sternbach has bigger ambitions: he wants to invent an entirely new class of tranquilizer. After Roche loses faith in his vision, Sternbach continues his work in secret – and lays the foundation for Valium, soon to become the most commonly prescribed drug in the United States.Support us by supporting our sponsors:Audible - Start your 30 day trial at audible.com/AI.Zip Recruiter - Try Zip Recruiter for FREE at ziprecruiter.com/AI. 

Valium: The House That Leo Built | 2

Anxiety. It’s something everyone experiences at some point in their lives, but for centuries doctors had no effective way to treat it. They could send patients on rest cures, order them to do nothing at all, or prescribe barbiturates that depressed the central nervous system, easily leading to overdose and death.Finally, in the mid-1950s, chemists discovered a new class of drugs: the minor tranquilizers.&nbsp;The most famous of these was Valium, which would go on to become the most prescribed drug in the United States.&nbsp;&nbsp;But Valium owes its success to its lesser known predecessor Miltown, which changed the way Americans thought about anxiety.Support us by supporting our sponsors:Policy Genius - <a href="http://policygenius.com" target="_blank">policygenius.com</a> can help you compare insurance quotes to find your best price.Wealthfront - When you visit <a href="http://wealthfront.com/ai" target="_blank">wealthfront.com/ai</a> to start earning 19 times more interest on your savings.

Anxiety. It’s something everyone experiences at some point in their lives, but for centuries doctors had no effective way to treat it. They could send patients on rest cures, order them to do nothing at all, or prescribe barbiturates that depressed the central nervous system, easily leading to overdose and death.Finally, in the mid-1950s, chemists discovered a new class of drugs: the minor tranquilizers.&nbsp;The most famous of these was Valium, which would go on to become the most prescribed drug in the United States.&nbsp;&nbsp;But Valium owes its success to its lesser known predecessor Miltown, which changed the way Americans thought about anxiety.Support us by supporting our sponsors:Policy Genius - policygenius.com can help you compare insurance quotes to find your best price.Wealthfront - When you visit wealthfront.com/ai to start earning 19 times more interest on your savings. 

Valium: Miltown Magic | 1

At this year's Consumer Electronics Show, television manufacturer LG debuted a TV set that rolls up like a poster. It's a far cry from our grandparents wooden boxes with black and white screens and bunny ear antennas. And despite impressive new television tech, many people these days are turning to phones and tablets to consume their favorite shows and moves. Today we conclude our series on the television with Susan Murray, Professor or Media, Culture and Communication at NYU. She joins us talk about the history and evolution of the television in our everyday life.

At this year's Consumer Electronics Show, television manufacturer LG debuted a TV set that rolls up like a poster. It's a far cry from our grandparents wooden boxes with black and white screens and bunny ear antennas. And despite impressive new television tech, many people these days are turning to phones and tablets to consume their favorite shows and moves. Today we conclude our series on the television with Susan Murray, Professor or Media, Culture and Communication at NYU. She joins us talk about the history and evolution of the television in our everyday life.

Electronic Television: The TVs of The Future | 3

While Philo Farnsworth was building gizmos out of a loft in San Francisco, the Radio Corporation of America was already plotting domination of the yet-to-be television industry under the leadership of a man named David Sarnoff. Sarnoff recognized television’s virtually limitless potential, and he was determined to bring it to the masses — with or without the help of Philo Farnsworth.&nbsp; Sarnoff would rely on inventors like Vladimir Zworykin, who had also figured out how to transmit pictures electronically through his patented Iconoscope. At least, in theory. The missing piece wouldn’t fall into place until Zworykin visited Farnsworth’s lab — setting off a court battle to claim ownership of one of the most iconic inventions of the 20th century. Support us by supporting our sponsors. Policy Genius - Visit <a href="http://policygenius.com" target="_blank">policygenius.com</a> to compare rates today!Peloton - You can enjoy a 30 day home trial at <a href="http://onepeloton.com" target="_blank">onepeloton.com</a>. Use the promo code: INNOVATIONS.

While Philo Farnsworth was building gizmos out of a loft in San Francisco, the Radio Corporation of America was already plotting domination of the yet-to-be television industry under the leadership of a man named David Sarnoff. Sarnoff recognized television’s virtually limitless potential, and he was determined to bring it to the masses — with or without the help of Philo Farnsworth.&nbsp;Sarnoff would rely on inventors like Vladimir Zworykin, who had also figured out how to transmit pictures electronically through his patented Iconoscope. At least, in theory. The missing piece wouldn’t fall into place until Zworykin visited Farnsworth’s lab — setting off a court battle to claim ownership of one of the most iconic inventions of the 20th century.Support us by supporting our sponsors.Policy Genius - Visit policygenius.com to compare rates today!Peloton - You can enjoy a 30 day home trial at onepeloton.com. Use the promo code: INNOVATIONS.

Electronic Television: A Great Depression And The World's Fair | 2

The invention of the electronic television was uniquely complicated for its time. So complicated, in fact, that the prevailing narrative is that it couldn’t have been invented by a single person -- let alone Philo Farnsworth.&nbsp; After all, some of the most brilliant minds in the world spent the first quarter of the 20th century working on television systems -- and some even managed to transmit images. But none of those systems were ever able to deliver the quality of images they’d need to be commercially viable. None except Philo Farnsworth, a farm boy from Utah, who got the idea for television when he was fourteen years old.&nbsp; Support us by supporting our sponsors! ZipRecruiter - Visit <a href="http://ZipRecruiter.com/AI" target="_blank">ZipRecruiter.com/AI</a> to use ZipRecruiter for FREE.Wealthfront - Go to <a href="http://Wealthfront.com/AI" target="_blank">Wealthfront.com/AI</a> to start earning more interest on your savings today.SimpliSafe - With <a href="http://SimpliSafe.com/AI" target="_blank">SimpliSafe.com/AI</a> to get FREE shipping on your order plus a 60 day money back guarantee.

The invention of the electronic television was uniquely complicated for its time. So complicated, in fact, that the prevailing narrative is that it couldn’t have been invented by a single person -- let alone Philo Farnsworth.&nbsp;After all, some of the most brilliant minds in the world spent the first quarter of the 20th century working on television systems -- and some even managed to transmit images. But none of those systems were ever able to deliver the quality of images they’d need to be commercially viable. None except Philo Farnsworth, a farm boy from Utah, who got the idea for television when he was fourteen years old.&nbsp;Support us by supporting our sponsors!ZipRecruiter - Visit ZipRecruiter.com/AI to use ZipRecruiter for FREE.Wealthfront - Go to Wealthfront.com/AI to start earning more interest on your savings today.SimpliSafe - With SimpliSafe.com/AI to get FREE shipping on your order plus a 60 day money back guarantee.

Electronic Television: The Picture Radio | 1

It's a new year and a new decade, and that means a lot of new innovation and tech to look forward to. But, as we wonder what the future has in store, it's important to look back at the past year and what it has taught us. Author Clive Thompson joins us to talk about the innovations that caught his attention in 2019 and what he's looking forward to in 2020 and beyond.

It's a new year and a new decade, and that means a lot of new innovation and tech to look forward to. But, as we wonder what the future has in store, it's important to look back at the past year and what it has taught us. Author Clive Thompson joins us to talk about the innovations that caught his attention in 2019 and what he's looking forward to in 2020 and beyond.

The Year in Innovation | 6

After George Eastman cut ties with his chief emulsion-maker-turned-saboteur, Henry Reichenbach, the Kodak company started to falter.&nbsp;Some batches of film literally fell apart on the shelves. Others seemed fine, but yielded blurry, unprintable photos.Eastman had tried to find a suitable replacement for Reichbach, but no one was able to make a stable emulsion at the volume he needed. Eastman was starting to get desperate.He knew that if he didn’t fix his film fast, his Kodak cameras would never amount to more than a passing fad. Eastman wasn’t just looking to get rich and get out. He was after a legacy that would stand the test of time. In order to do that, Eastman would not only have to make his product reliable, he’d have to continually innovate — constantly turning out one new demographically-targeted product after another. In the end, this strategy would make Kodak a household name, and then doom it to obsolescence. Support us by supporting our sponsors!Policy Genius - If you need life insurance but aren’t sure where to start, why not start at <a href="http://Policygenius.com" target="_blank">Policygenius.com</a>Peloton - For a limited time, get $100 off accessories when you purchase the Peloton Bike. Go to <a href="http://onepeloton.com" target="_blank">onepeloton.com</a> and use promo code INNOVATIONS at checkout

After George Eastman cut ties with his chief emulsion-maker-turned-saboteur, Henry Reichenbach, the Kodak company started to falter.&nbsp;Some batches of film literally fell apart on the shelves. Others seemed fine, but yielded blurry, unprintable photos.Eastman had tried to find a suitable replacement for Reichbach, but no one was able to make a stable emulsion at the volume he needed. Eastman was starting to get desperate.He knew that if he didn’t fix his film fast, his Kodak cameras would never amount to more than a passing fad. Eastman wasn’t just looking to get rich and get out. He was after a legacy that would stand the test of time. In order to do that, Eastman would not only have to make his product reliable, he’d have to continually innovate — constantly turning out one new demographically-targeted product after another. In the end, this strategy would make Kodak a household name, and then doom it to obsolescence.Support us by supporting our sponsors!Policy Genius - If you need life insurance but aren’t sure where to start, why not start at Policygenius.comPeloton - For a limited time, get $100 off accessories when you purchase the Peloton Bike. Go to onepeloton.com and use promo code INNOVATIONS at checkout

Kodak Roll Film: Brownie Boom | 3

George Eastman had made technological breakthroughs and forays into the photography market, but his images still weren’t good enough for professional photographers and the photographic process was still too complicated for recreational photographers.&nbsp;Eastman needed to improve his product and simplify his process, but he couldn’t do it alone. His novice chemistry skills had already carried the company as far as they could go. So Eastman reached out to a gifted chemist for help, and made his company vulnerable in ways greater than he had feared. Support us by supporting our sponsors! Lutron Caseta - Learn more about Caseta at <a href="http://Lutron.com/AI" target="_blank">Lutron.com/AI</a>

George Eastman had made technological breakthroughs and forays into the photography market, but his images still weren’t good enough for professional photographers and the photographic process was still too complicated for recreational photographers.&nbsp;Eastman needed to improve his product and simplify his process, but he couldn’t do it alone. His novice chemistry skills had already carried the company as far as they could go. So Eastman reached out to a gifted chemist for help, and made his company vulnerable in ways greater than he had feared.Support us by supporting our sponsors! Lutron Caseta - Learn more about Caseta at Lutron.com/AI 

Kodak Roll Film: Kodak Fiends | 2

Today, if we want to take a photo, we unlock our phone, aim, and click.&nbsp; It can be done on a whim, without a second thought. We document everything from new haircuts to latte art, cute cats to baby’s first smile.&nbsp; But prior to the 1900s, photography was the exclusive domain of professionals and dedicated hobbyists -- people willing to learn complex skills and spend hours on the craft.Responsible for that shift was a man named George Eastman. Armed with a radical vision for what photography could be, and a cold-blooded business sense, Eastman delivered photography to the masses and altered the way most of us experience our lives over time. Support us by supporting our sponsors! Lutron Caseta - Get smart lighting the smart way with Caséta by Lutron smart switches. Learn more about Caseta at <a href="http://Lutron.com/AI" target="_blank">Lutron.com/AI</a>

Today, if we want to take a photo, we unlock our phone, aim, and click.&nbsp; It can be done on a whim, without a second thought. We document everything from new haircuts to latte art, cute cats to baby’s first smile.&nbsp; But prior to the 1900s, photography was the exclusive domain of professionals and dedicated hobbyists -- people willing to learn complex skills and spend hours on the craft.Responsible for that shift was a man named George Eastman. Armed with a radical vision for what photography could be, and a cold-blooded business sense, Eastman delivered photography to the masses and altered the way most of us experience our lives over time.Support us by supporting our sponsors! Lutron Caseta - Get smart lighting the smart way with Caséta by Lutron smart switches. Learn more about Caseta at Lutron.com/AI

Kodak Roll Film | As Convenient as a Pencil | 1

DNA science. Artificial intelligence. Smartphones and 3D printers. Science and technology have transformed the world we live in. But how did we get here? It wasn’t by accident. Well, sometimes it was. It was also the result of hard work, teamwork, and competition. And incredibly surprising moments.Hosted by bestselling author Steven Johnson (“How We Got To Now”), American Innovations uses immersive scenes to tell the stories of the scientists, engineers, and ordinary people behind the greatest discoveries of the past century. From Wondery, the network behind Business Wars, American History Tellers, and Dirty John.

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American Innovations

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